The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Pediatrics, Sophia Children's Hospital, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Pediatrics, Sophia Children's Hospital, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
Environ Res. 2018 Feb;161:562-572. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2017.11.051.
Exposure to bisphenols and phthalates in pregnancy may lead to adverse health effects in women themselves and their offspring.
To describe first trimester bisphenol and phthalate urine concentrations, including bisphenol and phthalate replacements, and determine nutritional, socio-demographic and lifestyle related determinants.
In a population-based prospective cohort of 1396 mothers, we measured first trimester bisphenol, phthalate and creatinine urine concentrations (samples collected in 2004-2005, median gestational age 12.9 weeks [inter-quartile range (IQR) 12.1-14.4]). We examined associations of potential determinants with log-transformed bisphenol and phthalate concentrations. Outcomes were back-transformed. Nutritional analyses were performed in a subgroup of 642 Dutch participants only, as the Food Frequency Questionnaire was aimed at Dutch food patterns.
Bisphenol A, bisphenol S, and bisphenol F were detected in 79.2%, 67.8% and 40.2% of the population, respectively. Mono-n-butylphthalate, mono-(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl)phthalate and monobenzylphthalate were detected in > 90% of the population. Nutritional intake was not associated with bisphenol and phthalate concentrations after correction for multiple testing was applied. Obesity was associated with higher high-molecular-weight phthalate concentrations and the lack of folic acid supplement use with higher di-n-octylphthalate concentrations (respective mean differences were 46.73nmol/l [95% CI 14.56-93.72] and 1.03nmol/l [0.31-2.06]).
Bisphenol S and F exposure was highly prevalent in pregnant women in the Netherlands as early as 2004-5. Although associations of dietary and other key factors with bisphenol and phthalate concentrations were limited, adverse lifestyle factors including obesity and the lack of folic acid supplement use seem to be associated with higher phthalate concentrations in pregnant women. The major limitation was the availability of only one urine sample per participant. However, since phthalates are reported to be quite stable over time, results concerning determinants of phthalate concentrations are expected to be robust.
孕妇接触双酚类和邻苯二甲酸酯可能会对她们自己和后代的健康产生不良影响。
描述妊娠早期双酚和邻苯二甲酸酯的尿液浓度，包括双酚和邻苯二甲酸酯替代品，并确定与营养、社会人口统计学和生活方式相关的决定因素。
在一项基于人群的前瞻性队列研究中，我们测量了 1396 名母亲的妊娠早期双酚、邻苯二甲酸酯和肌酐的尿液浓度（2004-2005 年采集，中位妊娠 12.9 周[四分位间距 12.1-14.4]）。我们研究了潜在决定因素与对数转化的双酚和邻苯二甲酸酯浓度之间的关联。结果进行了逆转换。只有在营养分析的亚组中，即 642 名荷兰参与者中，进行了营养分析，因为食物频率问卷针对的是荷兰的食物模式。
分别有 79.2%、67.8%和 40.2%的人群检测到双酚 A、双酚 S 和双酚 F。90%以上的人群检测到单正丁基邻苯二甲酸酯、单（2-乙基-5-羟基己基）邻苯二甲酸酯和单苄基邻苯二甲酸酯。经过多次检验校正后，营养摄入与双酚和邻苯二甲酸酯浓度无关。肥胖与高分子量邻苯二甲酸酯浓度升高有关，叶酸补充剂使用不足与二正辛基邻苯二甲酸酯浓度升高有关（分别为 46.73nmol/L[95%置信区间 14.56-93.72]和 1.03nmol/L[0.31-2.06]）。
早在 2004-2005 年，荷兰孕妇的双酚 S 和 F 暴露就非常普遍。尽管饮食和其他关键因素与双酚和邻苯二甲酸酯浓度的关联有限，但不良的生活方式因素，包括肥胖和叶酸补充剂使用不足，似乎与孕妇体内邻苯二甲酸酯浓度升高有关。主要限制是每个参与者只有一个尿液样本。然而，由于邻苯二甲酸酯在一段时间内被报告为相当稳定，因此关于邻苯二甲酸酯浓度决定因素的结果预计是可靠的。
