Stamates Amy L, Lau-Barraco Cathy
Department of Psychology, Old Dominion University.
Exp Clin Psychopharmacol. 2017 Dec;25(6):521-533. doi: 10.1037/pha0000153.
Heightened impulsivity is a risk factor for problematic alcohol use among emerging adults. However, recent literature suggests that impulsivity is comprised of several facets that have shown differential relationships with alcohol use versus alcohol-related problems. Previous reviews have noted the bivariate associations between facets and alcohol use outcomes, but have not honed in on which facets may explain more variance in alcohol-related outcomes once other facets are accounted for. As such, certain facets may be more relevant than others in predicting alcohol-related harms among emerging adults. Consequently, the purpose of this review was to support the validity of discrete impulsivity facets and to identify specific facets that may pose most risk for alcohol-related harms. Based on previous research, the present review focused on five facets from the self-report impulsivity literature (i.e., sensation seeking, negative urgency, positive urgency, premeditation, and perseverance) and two facets from the behavioral impulsivity literature (i.e., impulsive action and impulsive choice). Conceptual and empirical evidence were provided to support the distinction of these self-report and behavioral facets, and literature comparing each of their relative contributions to alcohol use and alcohol-related problems, while controlling for the influence of other facets, is summarized. Overall, it is suggested that among emerging adults, sensation seeking is the strongest predictor of alcohol use whereas positive and negative urgency are the strongest predictors of alcohol-related problems. Implications and directions for future research were proposed. (PsycINFO Database Record
冲动性增强是新兴成年人酒精使用问题的一个风险因素。然而，最近的文献表明，冲动性由几个方面组成，这些方面与酒精使用和酒精相关问题呈现出不同的关系。以往的综述已经指出了这些方面与酒精使用结果之间的双变量关联，但没有深入探讨在考虑其他方面后，哪些方面可能解释更多酒精相关结果的方差。因此，在预测新兴成年人的酒精相关危害方面，某些方面可能比其他方面更具相关性。因此，本综述的目的是支持离散冲动性方面的有效性，并确定可能对酒精相关危害构成最大风险的具体方面。基于以往的研究，本综述聚焦于自我报告冲动性文献中的五个方面（即感觉寻求、消极紧迫感、积极紧迫感、预谋和毅力）以及行为冲动性文献中的两个方面（即冲动行为和冲动选择）。提供了概念和实证证据来支持这些自我报告和行为方面的区分，并总结了在控制其他方面影响的同时，比较它们对酒精使用和酒精相关问题的相对贡献的文献。总体而言，研究表明，在新兴成年人中，感觉寻求是酒精使用的最强预测因素，而积极和消极紧迫感是酒精相关问题的最强预测因素。提出了未来研究的意义和方向。（PsycINFO数据库记录）
