a Lincoln University Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Wine Food and Molecular Biosciences , Lincoln , Canterbury , New Zealand.
b University of Otago , Dunedin , New Zealand.
Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2019;59(8):1294-1310. doi: 10.1080/10408398.2017.1404442. Epub 2017 Dec 19.
Obesity is considered a major public health concern throughout the world among children, adolescents, as well as adults and several therapeutic, preventive and dietary interventions are available. In addition to life style changes and medical interventions, significant milestones have been achieved in the past decades in the development of several functional foods and dietary regimens to reduce this menace. Being a multifactorial phenomenon and related to increased fat mass that adversely affects health, obesity has been associated with the development of several other co-morbidities. A great body of research and strong scientific evidence identifies obesity as an important risk factor for onset and progression of several neurological disorders. Obesity induced dyslipidaemia, metabolic dysfunction, and inflammation are attributable to the development of a variety of effects on central nervous system (CNS). Evidence suggests that neurological diseases such as Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease could be initiated by various metabolic changes, related to CNS damage, caused by obesity. These metabolic changes could alter the synaptic plasticity of the neurons and lead to neural death, affecting the normal physiology of CNS. Dietary intervention in combination with exercise can affect the molecular events involved in energy metabolism and synaptic plasticity and are considered effective non-invasive strategy to counteract cognitive and neurological disorders. The present review gives an overview of the obesity and related neurological disorders and the possible dietary interventions.
肥胖被认为是全世界儿童、青少年以及成年人的主要公共健康问题之一，有多种治疗、预防和饮食干预措施可供选择。除了生活方式的改变和医疗干预外，过去几十年在开发多种功能性食品和饮食方案以减少这一威胁方面也取得了重大进展。肥胖是一种多因素现象，与脂肪量增加有关，会对健康产生不利影响，因此与多种其他合并症的发生有关。大量的研究和强有力的科学证据表明，肥胖是多种神经退行性疾病发生和发展的重要危险因素。肥胖引起的血脂异常、代谢功能障碍和炎症可导致中枢神经系统（CNS）发生多种影响。有证据表明，帕金森病和阿尔茨海默病等神经疾病可能是由肥胖引起的与 CNS 损伤相关的各种代谢变化引发的。这些代谢变化可能改变神经元的突触可塑性，导致神经元死亡，从而影响 CNS 的正常生理功能。饮食干预与运动相结合可以影响能量代谢和突触可塑性的分子事件，被认为是对抗认知和神经障碍的有效非侵入性策略。本综述概述了肥胖症和相关的神经退行性疾病以及可能的饮食干预措施。
