Salmaso Francesca, Crosa Giuseppe, Espa Paolo, Gentili Gaetano, Quadroni Silvia, Zaccara Serena
Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, University of Insubria, Via JH Dunant 3, 21100, Varese, Italy.
Department of Science and High Technology, University of Insubria, Via GB Vico 46, 21100, Varese, Italy.
Environ Monit Assess. 2017 Dec 20;190(1):33. doi: 10.1007/s10661-017-6390-8.
An eco-hydraulic survey of the highly regulated Adda River (northern Italy) was carried out to highlight the ecological implications of the current water management, including minimum flows (MFs) set as environmental protection measures. Macroinvertebrates, flows, and other main physico-chemical parameters were monitored from 2010 to 2012 at seven sites located in two river reaches characterized by different water abstraction schemes. In the upper part of the river, water is mainly diverted for hydro-power, and, in water-depleted reaches, discharges equalled MF for more than 100 days y, mainly during winter. In the downstream river reach, where irrigation use prevails, discharges were on average three times higher than in the upper part of the river, and flow values similar to MF were detected only for short periods during summer. The two resulting streamflow patterns seem to have shaped different benthic communities, superimposing to the natural downstream variation. The upper reach is characterized by univoltine taxa, while the lower reach by multivoltine taxa adapted to a more disturbed environment. Chironomidae, a well-known tolerant benthic family, dominated at a site affected by point-source pollution, which turned out to be another determinant of macroinvertebrate community. Despite these differences among sites in the benthic community structure, the current water management seems to allow, for all of the investigated river sites, the achievement of the good ecological status as defined by the local law set in accomplishment of the Water Framework Directive.
对高度调控的阿达河（意大利北部）进行了生态水力学调查，以突出当前水资源管理的生态影响，包括作为环境保护措施设定的最小流量（MFs）。2010年至2012年期间，在两个具有不同取水方案的河段的七个地点监测了大型无脊椎动物、流量和其他主要理化参数。在河流上游，水主要用于水力发电，在缺水河段，流量在一年中超过100天等于最小流量，主要在冬季。在下游河段，灌溉用水占主导地位，流量平均比河流上游高三倍，仅在夏季短时间内检测到与最小流量相似的流量值。由此产生的两种径流模式似乎塑造了不同的底栖生物群落，叠加在自然的下游变化之上。上游河段的特点是单化性类群，而下游河段的特点是适应更受干扰环境的多化性类群。摇蚊科是一种著名的耐污底栖生物科，在一个受点源污染影响的地点占主导地位，这被证明是大型无脊椎动物群落的另一个决定因素。尽管各地点底栖生物群落结构存在这些差异，但当前的水资源管理似乎使所有调查的河段都能实现根据为执行《水框架指令》而制定的地方法律所定义的良好生态状况。
