Vallacher R R, Wegner D M, Somoza M P
Department of Psychology, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton 33431-0991.
J Pers Soc Psychol. 1989 Feb;56(2):199-208. doi: 10.1037//0022-3514.56.2.199.
Action identification theory holds that an action can be identified by the performer in different ways, and that these various act identities differ in their appropriateness for maintaining the action effectively. Optimal action identification exists when a personally easy action is identified in relatively high-level terms (i.e., the action's effects and implications) or a personally difficult action is identified in relatively low-level terms (i.e., the action's mechanical details). To test the optimality hypothesis with respect to speech fluency, subjects were asked to deliver a speech to either an easy-to-persuade audience or a difficult-to-persuade audience and induced to think about the action in either high-level or low-level terms. As predicted, subjects made fewer speech errors and felt more satisfied with their performance when the task was personally easy and identified at high level and when the task was personally difficult and identified at low level. Optimal action identification made things easier for them to say.
行动识别理论认为，行动者可以通过不同方式识别一个行动，而且这些不同的行动身份在有效维持该行动的适宜性方面存在差异。当一个对个人来说容易的行动以相对高层次的术语（即行动的效果和影响）来识别，或者一个对个人来说困难的行动以相对低层次的术语（即行动的机械细节）来识别时，就存在最佳行动识别。为了检验关于言语流畅性的最佳性假设，要求受试者向易于说服的听众或难以说服的听众发表演讲，并诱导他们从高层次或低层次的角度思考该行动。正如预测的那样，当任务对个人来说容易且从高层次识别，以及当任务对个人来说困难且从低层次识别时，受试者出现的言语错误更少，并且对自己的表现更满意。最佳行动识别让他们更容易表达。
