Bernstein I H, Bissonnette V, Vyas A, Barclay P
Percept Psychophys. 1989 Feb;45(2):153-61. doi: 10.3758/bf03208050.
Briefly presented, masked priming stimuli that cannot be identified by themselves can affect the processing of subsequent targets. The effect, which is sometimes viewed as a demonstration of unconscious processing, has been linked to the subliminal perception literature. Experiments 1 and 2 indicated that the identification of primes in the context of semantically related targets is superior to the identification of primes presented alone, and that the identification of primes in the context of semantically unrelated targets is inferior to the identification of primes presented alone. Experiment 3 indicated parallel findings in a recognition task. Consequently, an explanation of semantic priming in terms of the interactive nature of stimuli that are near to one another in time seems preferable to one based upon concepts of unconscious processing and subliminal perception.
简而言之，本身无法被识别的掩蔽启动刺激能够影响后续目标的加工。这种效应有时被视为无意识加工的一种表现，它与阈下知觉文献相关联。实验1和实验2表明，在语义相关目标的情境中对启动刺激的识别优于单独呈现启动刺激时的识别，而在语义不相关目标的情境中对启动刺激的识别则不如单独呈现启动刺激时的识别。实验3在识别任务中也得出了类似的结果。因此，相较于基于无意识加工和阈下知觉概念的解释，从时间上彼此接近的刺激的交互性质方面来解释语义启动似乎更为可取。
