State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructures, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, P. R. China.
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China.
Adv Healthc Mater. 2018 Apr;7(8):e1701156. doi: 10.1002/adhm.201701156. Epub 2017 Dec 28.
Cancer is now one of the world's leading threats to human health. With the development of oncology in both biology and biomedicine, it has been demonstrated that abnormal physiochemical conditions and dysregulated biosynthetic intermediates in tumor microenvironment (TME) play a pivotal role in enabling tumor cells to defend or evade the damage by traditional clinical tumor therapeutics including surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, etc. The fast advances of TME-enabled theranostic nanomedicine have offered promising perspectives, strategies, and approaches for combating cancer based on the novel concept of TME-enabled nanotherapy. In this comprehensive review, the origins of TME (e.g., enhanced permeability and retention effect, overexpressed biosynthetic intermediates, mild acidic nature, redox potentials, hypoxia) are initially introduced and discussed, followed by detailed discussion and overview on the state-of-the-art progresses in TME-enabled antitumor nanotherapies (e.g., chemo/chemodynamic therapy, photodynamic therapy, radiotherapy). Finally, the obstacles and challenges of future development on TME-enabled nanotherapies for further clinical translation are outlooked.
癌症现在是世界上对人类健康的主要威胁之一。随着肿瘤生物学和生物医学的发展，已经证明肿瘤微环境（TME）中的异常生理化学条件和失调的生物合成中间体在使肿瘤细胞防御或逃避传统临床肿瘤治疗（包括手术、化疗、放疗等）的损伤方面起着关键作用。TME 使能治疗性纳米医学的快速发展，基于 TME 使能纳米治疗的新概念，为癌症的治疗提供了有前景的观点、策略和方法。在这篇全面的综述中，首先介绍和讨论了 TME 的起源（例如，增强的通透性和保留效应、过表达的生物合成中间体、温和的酸性性质、氧化还原电势、缺氧），然后详细讨论和概述了 TME 使能抗肿瘤纳米治疗的最新进展（例如，化疗/化学动力学治疗、光动力治疗、放射治疗）。最后，展望了 TME 使能纳米治疗进一步临床转化所面临的障碍和挑战。
