Wu Peng, Wang Wenli, Li Ying, Hou Xilin
State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement/Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
Hortic Res. 2017 Dec 27;4:17079. doi: 10.1038/hortres.2017.79. eCollection 2017.
Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade signal transduction modules play crucial roles in regulating many biological processes in plants. These cascades are composed of three classes of hierarchically organized protein kinases, MAPKKKs, MAPKKs and MAPKs. Here, we analyzed gene retention, phylogenetic, evolution and expression patterns of MAPK cascade genes in . We further found that the MAPK branches, classes III and IV, appeared after the split of bryophytes and green algae after analyzing the MAPK cascade genes in 8 species, and their rapid expansion led to the great size of the families of MAPKs. In contrast, the ancestral class I subfamily of MAPKK gene families have been highly conserved from algae to angiosperms. For the MAPKKK family, the MEKK and Raf subfamily share a common evolutionary origin, and Raf plays a major role in the expansion of the MAPKKK gene family. The -elements and interaction network analyses showed the important function of MAPK cascade genes in development and stress responses in . This study provides a solid foundation for molecular evolution analyses of MAPK cascade genes.
丝裂原活化蛋白激酶（MAPK）级联信号转导模块在调控植物的许多生物学过程中发挥着关键作用。这些级联由三类层次组织的蛋白激酶组成，即MAPKKKs、MAPKKs和MAPKs。在此，我们分析了[具体物种]中MAPK级联基因的基因保留、系统发育、进化和表达模式。在分析了8个物种的MAPK级联基因后，我们进一步发现，MAPK分支，即III类和IV类，在苔藓植物和绿藻分化之后出现，并且它们的快速扩张导致了MAPKs家族的庞大。相比之下，MAPKK基因家族的祖先I类亚家族从藻类到被子植物一直高度保守。对于MAPKKK家族，MEKK和Raf亚家族具有共同的进化起源，并且Raf在MAPKKK基因家族的扩张中起主要作用。[具体物种]中的元件和相互作用网络分析表明MAPK级联基因在发育和应激反应中的重要功能。本研究为MAPK级联基因的分子进化分析提供了坚实的基础。
