Dunn Emily C, Humberstone Clare E, Iredale K Fiona, Martin David T, Blazevich Anthony J
Centre for Exercise and Sport Science Research, School of Medical and Health Science. Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia.
Australian Institute of Sport, Combat Centre, Canberra, ACT, Australia.
PLoS One. 2017 Dec 29;12(12):e0188675. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0188675. eCollection 2017.
Humans commonly ascertain physical dominance through non-lethal fighting by participating in combat sports. However, the behaviours that achieve fight dominance are not fully understood. Amateur boxing competition, which is judged using the subjective "Ten Point Must-System", provides insight into fight dominance behaviours. Notational analysis was performed on 26 elite male competitors in a national boxing championship. Behavioural (guard-drop time; movement style [stepping/bouncing time]; clinch-time; interaction-time) and technical (total punches; punches landed [%Hit]; air punches [%Air]; defence) measures were recorded. Participants reported effort required (0-100%) and perceived effect of fatigue on their own performance (5-point Likert scale) following bouts. Differences between winners and losers, and changes across the duration of the bout were examined. Winners punched more accurately than losers (greater %Hit [33% vs. 23%] and lower %Air [17% vs. 27%]) but total punches, defence and interaction-time were similar. From rounds 1-2, clinch-time and guard drops increased whilst bouncing decreased. Perceived effect of fatigue increased throughout the bout while perceived effort increased only from rounds 2-3. %Hit and movement index together in regression analysis correctly classified 85% of bout outcomes, indicating that judges (subjectively) chose winning (dominant) boxers according to punch accuracy and style, rather than assertiveness (more punches thrown). Boxers appear to use tactical strategies throughout the bout to pace their effort and minimise fatigue (increased guard drops, reduced bouncing), but these did not influence perceived dominance or bout outcome. These results show that judges use several performance indicators not including the total number of successful punches thrown to assess fight dominance and superiority between fighters. These results provide valuable information as to how experienced fight observers subjectively rate superiority and dominance during one-on-one human fighting.
人类通常通过参与格斗运动进行非致命搏斗来确定身体上的优势地位。然而，实现战斗优势的行为尚未完全被理解。业余拳击比赛采用主观的“十分制”进行评判，这为研究战斗优势行为提供了线索。对一场全国拳击锦标赛中的26名精英男性选手进行了记录分析。记录了行为（放下防护的时间；移动方式[移步/跳动时间]；扭抱时间；交互时间）和技术（总拳数；击中拳数[命中率]；空击拳数[空击率]；防御）指标。比赛结束后，参与者报告了所需的努力程度（0-100%）以及疲劳对自身表现的感知影响（5级李克特量表）。研究了胜者和败者之间的差异以及比赛过程中的变化。胜者出拳比败者更准确（更高的命中率[33%对23%]和更低的空击率[17%对27%]）但总拳数、防御和交互时间相似。从第1轮至第2轮，扭抱时间和放下防护的情况增加，而跳动减少。整个比赛过程中疲劳的感知影响增加，而感知到的努力程度仅从第2轮至第3轮有所增加。回归分析中命中率和移动指数共同正确分类了85%的比赛结果，这表明裁判（主观地）根据出拳准确性和风格而非攻击性（更多的出拳次数）来选择获胜（占优势）的拳击手。拳击手在整个比赛中似乎使用战术策略来调整他们的努力程度并尽量减少疲劳（增加放下防护的次数，减少跳动），但这些并没有影响感知到的优势或比赛结果。这些结果表明，裁判使用了几个不包括成功出拳总数的表现指标来评估战斗优势以及选手之间的优势地位。这些结果为经验丰富的战斗观察者在一对一的人类搏斗中如何主观评定优势和主导地位提供了有价值的信息。
