Department of Statistics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration/National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service, Camp Springs, MD, USA.
J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol. 2018 Jun;28(4):319-327. doi: 10.1038/s41370-017-0013-x. Epub 2017 Dec 29.
Increases in the severity and frequency of large fires necessitate improved understanding of the influence of smoke on air quality and public health. The objective of this study is to estimate the effect of smoke from fires across the continental U.S. on regional air quality over an extended period of time. We use 2006-2013 data on ozone (O), fine particulate matter (PM), and PM constituents from environmental monitoring sites to characterize regional air quality and satellite imagery data to identify plumes. Unhealthy levels of O and PM were, respectively, 3.3 and 2.5 times more likely to occur on plume days than on clear days. With a two-stage approach, we estimated the effect of plumes on pollutants, controlling for season, temperature, and within-site and between-site variability. Plumes were associated with an average increase of 2.6 p.p.b. (2.5, 2.7) in O and 2.9 µg/m (2.8, 3.0) in PM nationwide, but the magnitude of effects varied by location. The largest impacts were observed across the southeast. High impacts on O were also observed in densely populated urban areas at large distance from the fires throughout the southeast. Fire smoke substantially affects regional air quality and accounts for a disproportionate number of unhealthy days.
大火的严重程度和频率增加，需要更好地了解烟雾对空气质量和公众健康的影响。本研究的目的是估算美国大陆各地火灾产生的烟雾对长时间内区域空气质量的影响。我们使用了 2006-2013 年环境监测站的臭氧（O）、细颗粒物（PM）和 PM 成分数据来描述区域空气质量，并使用卫星图像数据来识别烟雾羽流。臭氧和 PM 达到不健康水平的天数分别比无烟雾羽流的天数多 3.3 倍和 2.5 倍。采用两阶段方法，我们在控制季节、温度以及站点内和站点间变异性的情况下，估计了羽流对污染物的影响。烟雾羽流与全国范围内臭氧平均增加 2.6 ppb（2.5，2.7）和 PM 增加 2.9μg/m（2.8，3.0）有关，但影响的幅度因地点而异。东南部的影响最大。在东南部，远离火灾的人口稠密的城市地区也观察到臭氧的高影响。火灾烟雾对区域空气质量有重大影响，造成了不成比例的大量不健康天数。
