Nordström Henrik, Laukka Petri, Thingujam Nutankumar S, Schubert Emery, Elfenbein Hillary Anger
Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Stockholm 10691, Sweden.
Department of Psychology, Sikkim University, Gangtok 737102, India.
R Soc Open Sci. 2017 Nov 15;4(11):170912. doi: 10.1098/rsos.170912. eCollection 2017 Nov.
This study explored the perception of emotion appraisal dimensions on the basis of speech prosody in a cross-cultural setting. Professional actors from Australia and India vocally portrayed different emotions (anger, fear, happiness, pride, relief, sadness, serenity and shame) by enacting emotion-eliciting situations. In a balanced design, participants from Australia and India then inferred aspects of the emotion-eliciting situation from the vocal expressions, described in terms of appraisal dimensions (novelty, intrinsic pleasantness, goal conduciveness, urgency, power and norm compatibility). Bayesian analyses showed that the perceived appraisal profiles for the vocally expressed emotions were generally consistent with predictions based on appraisal theories. Few group differences emerged, which suggests that the perceived appraisal profiles are largely universal. However, some differences between Australian and Indian participants were also evident, mainly for ratings of norm compatibility. The appraisal ratings were further correlated with a variety of acoustic measures in exploratory analyses, and inspection of the acoustic profiles suggested similarity across groups. In summary, results showed that listeners may infer several aspects of emotion-eliciting situations from the non-verbal aspects of a speaker's voice. These appraisal inferences also seem to be relatively independent of the cultural background of the listener and the speaker.
本研究在跨文化背景下，基于言语韵律探讨了情感评估维度的认知。来自澳大利亚和印度的专业演员通过演绎引发情感的情境，用声音描绘出不同的情感（愤怒、恐惧、快乐、自豪、宽慰、悲伤、平静和羞耻）。在一项平衡设计中，来自澳大利亚和印度的参与者随后从声音表达中推断出引发情感情境的各个方面，这些方面用评估维度（新颖性、内在愉悦性、目标适宜性、紧迫性、力量和规范兼容性）来描述。贝叶斯分析表明，对于通过声音表达的情感，所感知到的评估概况总体上与基于评估理论的预测一致。几乎没有出现群体差异，这表明所感知到的评估概况在很大程度上具有普遍性。然而，澳大利亚和印度参与者之间也存在一些明显差异，主要体现在规范兼容性的评分上。在探索性分析中，评估评分还与多种声学指标相关，对声学概况的检查表明各群体之间具有相似性。总之，结果表明听众可以从说话者声音的非语言方面推断出引发情感情境的几个方面。这些评估推断似乎也相对独立于听众和说话者的文化背景。
