Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
Nat Hum Behav. 2019 Apr;3(4):369-382. doi: 10.1038/s41562-019-0533-6. Epub 2019 Mar 11.
Central to emotion science is the degree to which categories, such as Awe, or broader affective features, such as Valence, underlie the recognition of emotional expression. To explore the processes by which people recognize emotion from prosody, US and Indian participants were asked to judge the emotion categories or affective features communicated by 2,519 speech samples produced by 100 actors from 5 cultures. With large-scale statistical inference methods, we find that prosody can communicate at least 12 distinct kinds of emotion that are preserved across the 2 cultures. Analyses of the semantic and acoustic structure of the recognition of emotions reveal that emotion categories drive the recognition of emotions more so than affective features, including Valence. In contrast to discrete emotion theories, however, emotion categories are bridged by gradients representing blends of emotions. Our findings, visualized within an interactive map, reveal a complex, high-dimensional space of emotional states recognized cross-culturally in speech prosody.
情感科学的核心问题是，诸如敬畏等类别，或者更广泛的情感特征，如效价，是否构成了情感表达识别的基础。为了探索人们从韵律中识别情感的过程，美国和印度的参与者被要求判断由来自 5 种文化的 100 名演员所产生的 2519 个语音样本所传达的情感类别或情感特征。通过大规模的统计推断方法，我们发现韵律至少可以传达 12 种不同的情感，并且这些情感在这两种文化中都是可以识别的。对情感识别的语义和声学结构的分析表明，情感类别比情感特征（包括效价）更能驱动情感的识别。然而，与离散的情感理论不同的是，情感类别是由代表情感混合的梯度来连接的。我们的发现，通过一个交互式地图来可视化，揭示了在跨文化的言语韵律中所识别的复杂的、高维的情感状态空间。
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