Galentino Andrea, Bonini Nicolao, Savadori Lucia
Department of Psychology and Cognitive Sciences, University of Trento, Trento, Italy.
Fondazione Bruno Kessler, Trento, Italy.
Front Psychol. 2017 Dec 11;8:2142. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.02142. eCollection 2017.
Much is known about the effect of negative arousal on decision making, but little is known about the effect of positive arousal. In this study, we manipulated positive arousal and measured individual choices under risk using an incentivized task. Participants were randomly assigned to either a low arousal or a high arousal condition and asked to choose between pairs of two-outcome monetary lotteries with the same expected value but different risk in terms of outcome variance. The probability was set at 50% for each lottery. Participants in the high arousal group selected the riskier lottery more often and took more time to make choices than participants in the low arousal group. This finding shows that introducing a pleasant arousing cue as part of the decision context shifts an individual's preferences toward the risky economic option and away from the safer one.
关于负面唤醒对决策的影响，我们了解很多，但对于正面唤醒的影响却知之甚少。在本研究中，我们操纵了正面唤醒，并使用一项激励任务来测量个体在风险情境下的选择。参与者被随机分配到低唤醒组或高唤醒组，并被要求在两组具有相同期望值但结果方差风险不同的双结果货币彩票中进行选择。每张彩票的概率设定为50%。高唤醒组的参与者比低唤醒组的参与者更频繁地选择风险更高的彩票，并且做出选择花费的时间更长。这一发现表明，在决策情境中引入一个令人愉悦的唤醒线索会使个体的偏好从更安全的经济选项转向风险更高的选项。
