Pediatric Specialties Clinic, Mansarovar Polyclinic, Agarwal Farm, Mansarovar, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 302 020, India.
Department of Gastroenterology, SMS Medical College, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India.
Indian J Pediatr. 2018 Apr;85(4):300-306. doi: 10.1007/s12098-017-2579-7. Epub 2018 Jan 9.
With rapid urbanization and life style changes, loud noise is omnipresent and has become a part of life. Indoor and outdoor environmental noise pollution have been documented as a serious health hazard with increasing adverse effects on fetus, infants, children, adolescents and adults. Noise induced hearing loss and non-auditory adverse effects due to noise pollution, are being increasingly diagnosed in all age groups including the fetus. Outdated motorized vehicles, machinery, increasing traffic, congested residential areas, crowded educational institutions and workplaces, unregulated commercial and industrial noise have become a source of noise pollution with long-term disability. Areas of noise pollution must be identified and corrective measures be taken. Toys, personal, domestic, commercial, industrial equipment should be within the safe sound intensity. Loudspeakers and vehicular horns should be banned except in emergencies. Nocturnal noise pollution must be avoided near residential areas as sleep disturbances have serious long-term health consequences. Pregnant women, fetus, newborns, infants and children are most susceptible to noise induced health hazards and should be given utmost protection. Educational institutions, workplaces, commercial and industrial areas should be regularly monitored for noise levels and protective ear muffs and plugs be used. Public be educated repeatedly regarding health hazards of noise. Traffic noise should be regulated to be within safe limits. Bus-stands, railway stations and airports should be moved away from residential areas. Houses should be sound proofed suitably. Long term studies should be conducted in pregnant women, newborn children and adults to have more data on hazards of noise pollution.
随着城市化和生活方式的变化，噪音无处不在，已经成为生活的一部分。室内和室外环境噪声污染已被记录为严重的健康危害，对胎儿、婴儿、儿童、青少年和成年人的负面影响越来越大。由于噪声污染导致的噪声性听力损失和非听觉不良影响，在包括胎儿在内的所有年龄段都越来越多地被诊断出来。过时的机动车辆、机器、不断增加的交通、拥挤的居民区、拥挤的教育机构和工作场所、不受监管的商业和工业噪声已成为长期残疾的噪声污染源。必须确定噪声污染区域，并采取纠正措施。玩具、个人、家庭、商业和工业设备应在安全的声强范围内。除紧急情况外，应禁止使用扬声器和车辆喇叭。必须避免居民区附近的夜间噪声污染，因为睡眠障碍会产生严重的长期健康后果。孕妇、胎儿、新生儿、婴儿和儿童最容易受到噪声引起的健康危害，应给予最大程度的保护。教育机构、工作场所、商业和工业区域应定期监测噪声水平，并使用防护耳罩和耳塞。应反复向公众进行噪声健康危害教育。应将交通噪声控制在安全范围内。公共汽车站、火车站和机场应远离居民区。房屋应进行适当的隔音处理。应在孕妇、新生儿和成年人中进行长期研究，以获得更多关于噪声污染危害的数据。
