State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Region, College of Horticulture, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
, P. O. Box 7, Miki-cho Post Office, Ikenobe 3011-2, Kagawa-ken, 761-0799, Japan.
Plant Cell Rep. 2018 May;37(5):689-709. doi: 10.1007/s00299-018-2249-x. Epub 2018 Jan 11.
Cryopreservation provides valuable genes for further breeding of elite cultivars, and cryotherapy improves the production of virus-free plants in Malus spp., thus assisting the sustainable development of the apple industry. Apple (Malus spp.) is one of the most economically important temperate fruit crops. Wild Malus genetic resources and existing cultivars provide valuable genes for breeding new elite cultivars and rootstocks through traditional and biotechnological breeding programs. These valuable genes include those resistant to abiotic factors such as drought and salinity, and to biotic factors such as fungi, bacteria and aphids. Over the last three decades, great progress has been made in apple cryobiology, making Malus one of the most extensively studied plant genera with respect to cryopreservation. Explants such as pollen, seeds, in vivo dormant buds, and in vitro shoot tips have all been successfully cryopreserved, and large Malus cryobanks have been established. Cryotherapy has been used for virus eradication, to obtain virus-free apple plants. Cryopreservation provided valuable genes for further breeding of elite cultivars, and cryotherapy improved the production of virus-free plants in Malus spp., thus assisting the sustainable development of the apple industry. This review provides updated and comprehensive information on the development and progress of apple cryopreservation and cryotherapy. Future research will reveal new applications and uses for apple cryopreservation and cryotherapy.
冷冻保存为进一步培育优良品种提供了有价值的基因，而冷冻疗法提高了苹果属植物无病毒植株的产量，从而有助于苹果产业的可持续发展。苹果（Malus spp.）是最具经济重要性的温带水果作物之一。野生苹果遗传资源和现有品种通过传统和生物技术育种计划，为培育新的优良品种和砧木提供了有价值的基因。这些有价值的基因包括抗非生物因素（如干旱和盐度）和生物因素（如真菌、细菌和蚜虫）的基因。在过去的三十年中，苹果的低温生物学取得了巨大的进展，使苹果成为低温保存研究最广泛的植物属之一。花粉、种子、体内休眠芽和体外茎尖等外植体都已成功冷冻保存，并建立了大型苹果低温库。冷冻疗法已被用于病毒根除，以获得无病毒的苹果植株。冷冻保存为进一步培育优良品种提供了有价值的基因，而冷冻疗法提高了苹果属植物无病毒植株的产量，从而有助于苹果产业的可持续发展。本文综述了苹果低温保存和冷冻疗法的发展和进展，提供了最新和全面的信息。未来的研究将揭示苹果低温保存和冷冻疗法的新应用和用途。
