Tomova-Simitchieva Tsenka, Akdeniz Merve, Blume-Peytavi Ulrike, Lahmann Nils, Kottner Jan
Klinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie, Klinisches Studienzentrum für Haut- und Haarforschung, Charite-Universitatsmedizin Berlin, Berlin.
Forschungsgruppe Geriatrie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin.
Gesundheitswesen. 2019 Jun;81(6):505-512. doi: 10.1055/s-0043-122069. Epub 2018 Jan 12.
Pressure ulcers are considered as indicators of the quality of care. The aim of this study was to provide a systematic review of the incidence and prevalence of pressure ulcers in Germany between 2010 and 2015.
The databases PubMed, CINAHL, DIMDI, Web of Science, LIVIVO, Google, Google Scholar, as well as the publishers Springer and the Thieme were searched until the end of February 2016. The extracted data were monitored by two reviewers. A risk of bias assessment was conducted.
219 epidemiologic figures were found in 67 studies and documents. Most data were identified for the hospital setting. The majority of figures in long-term care was based on primary research. Considering sources of high methodological quality, prevalence in long-term care varied between 2% and 5% and between 2% to 4% in hospitals (category 2 and above). Routine data collections showed heterogeneous results from the hospital settings with prevalence from 0.07% to 4.37%. No incidence figures and no routine data collections were identified for ambulatory settings. Prevalence varied between 2 and 4% (including category 1).
Review results indicate that pressure ulcers are frequent within all health care settings in Germany. Disregarding methodological limitations, pressure ulcer prevalence is between 2% and 5% in long-term care patients. Due to the heterogeneity of the available data, generalizable statements are not possible for the hospital settings. Pressure ulcer prevalence is most likely at least 2%. Results indicate that pressure ulcer preventive measures need to be improved in Germany.
压疮被视为护理质量的指标。本研究的目的是对2010年至2015年间德国压疮的发病率和患病率进行系统综述。
检索了PubMed、CINAHL、DIMDI、科学网、LIVIVO、谷歌、谷歌学术以及施普林格和蒂梅出版社等数据库，直至2016年2月底。提取的数据由两名审阅者进行监测。进行了偏倚风险评估。
在67项研究和文献中发现了219个流行病学数据。大多数数据是关于医院环境的。长期护理中的大多数数据基于初步研究。考虑到方法学质量较高的来源，长期护理中的患病率在2%至5%之间，医院中的患病率在2%至4%之间（2级及以上）。常规数据收集显示医院环境中的结果参差不齐，患病率从0.07%至4.37%不等。未发现门诊环境的发病率数据和常规数据收集。患病率在2%至4%之间（包括1级）。
综述结果表明，德国所有医疗保健环境中压疮都很常见。不考虑方法学上的局限性，长期护理患者中压疮患病率在2%至5%之间。由于现有数据的异质性，无法对医院环境做出可推广的陈述。压疮患病率很可能至少为2%。结果表明，德国需要改进压疮预防措施。
