加纳东部丹克伯区在校儿童的营养状况及其相关因素：比较有供餐政策和无供餐政策的学校。
Nutritional status of in-school children and its associated factors in Denkyembour District, eastern region, Ghana: comparing schools with feeding and non-school feeding policies.
机构信息
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana.
Department of Family and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana.
出版信息
Nutr J. 2018 Jan 12;17(1):8. doi: 10.1186/s12937-018-0321-6.
BACKGROUND
Childhood malnutrition still remains a major public health problem impacting negatively on the academic aptitude of school-aged children (SAC) particularly in limited resource countries. The Government of Ghana in collaboration with the Dutch Government introduced the school feeding programme (SFP) to boost the nutritional status of SAC in the country. This study sought to compare the nutritional status of SAC enrolled in schools with the SFP and SAC enrolled in schools without the SFP in place for the purpose of identifying which group has the higher rate of malnutrition.
METHODS
A multi-stage sampling was used to select 359 SAC between 5 and 12 years who are enrolled in primary one to six. Twelve public schools were selected, of which 6 schools benefit from the SFP and the other six do not. Anthropometric measurements were conducted for the subjects and SPSS version 20.0 was used for data entry and analysis. Chi square test was carried out to determine the difference between the two groups of schools.
RESULTS
Of the total of 359 subjects, 55.1% were from schools that do not implement the SFP and 44.9% were from schools that implement the SFP. The prevalence of stunting among children in schools on the SFP was 16.2% compared with 17.2% among children in schools that do not implement the SFP. The prevalence of thinness was two times higher (9.3%) among children in schools on the SFP than in children in schools that do not implement the SFP (4.6%) (p = 0.028). The prevalence of overweight among children in schools on the SFP was 1.9% and 0.0% for children in schools that do not implement the SFP. Sub district, sex, age of pupil, area of residence and community type were significantly associated with stunting (p = 0.002), (p = 0.008), (p = 0.008), (p < 0.001) and (p = 0.007) respectively.
CONCLUSION
Overweight and thinness were higher among children in schools on SFP than in children in schools without SFP. An evaluation of the implementation of the school feeding programme is recommended for future studies.
背景
儿童营养不良仍然是一个主要的公共卫生问题，对学龄儿童（SAC）的学业能力产生负面影响，特别是在资源有限的国家。加纳政府与荷兰政府合作推出了学校供餐计划（SFP），以提高该国 SAC 的营养状况。本研究旨在比较参加 SFP 的学校的 SAC 和未参加 SFP 的学校的 SAC 的营养状况，目的是确定哪个群体的营养不良率更高。
方法
采用多阶段抽样法，选取 359 名 5 至 12 岁的一年级至六年级学生。选择了 12 所公立学校，其中 6 所受益于 SFP，另外 6 所则没有。对受试者进行了人体测量，并使用 SPSS 版本 20.0 进行数据录入和分析。卡方检验用于确定两组学校之间的差异。
结果
在总共 359 名受试者中，55.1%来自不实施 SFP 的学校，44.9%来自实施 SFP 的学校。在实施 SFP 的学校中，发育迟缓的儿童患病率为 16.2%，而在不实施 SFP 的学校中，这一比例为 17.2%。在实施 SFP 的学校中，消瘦儿童的患病率是不实施 SFP 的学校的两倍（9.3%比 4.6%）（p=0.028）。在实施 SFP 的学校中，超重儿童的患病率为 1.9%，而在不实施 SFP 的学校中，这一比例为 0.0%。分区、性别、学生年龄、居住区域和社区类型与发育迟缓显著相关（p=0.002）、（p=0.008）、（p=0.008）、（p<0.001）和（p=0.007）。
结论
实施 SFP 的学校的儿童中，超重和消瘦的比例高于没有实施 SFP 的学校。建议对学校供餐计划的实施情况进行评估，以供未来研究。
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