Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, 20057, United States.
Semin Cell Dev Biol. 2018 Dec;84:138-146. doi: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2018.01.004. Epub 2018 Feb 1.
The discovery of microbial communities in extreme conditions that would seem hostile to life leads to the question of how the molecules making up these microbes can maintain their structure and function. While microbes that live under extremes of temperature have been heavily studied, those that live under extremes of pressure, or "piezophiles", are now increasingly being studied because of advances in sample collection and high-pressure cells for biochemical and biophysical measurements. Here, adaptations of enzymes in piezophiles against the effects of pressure are discussed in light of recent experimental and computational studies. However, while concepts from studies of enzymes from temperature extremophiles can provide frameworks for understanding adaptations by piezophile enzymes, the effects of temperature and pressure on proteins differ in significant ways. Thus, the state of the knowledge of adaptation in piezophile enzymes is still in its infancy and many more experiments and computational studies on different enzymes from a variety of piezophiles are needed.
极端条件下微生物群落的发现，这些条件看起来对生命是敌对的，这就引发了一个问题，即构成这些微生物的分子如何保持其结构和功能。虽然已经对生活在极端温度下的微生物进行了大量研究，但由于样品采集和高压细胞在生化和生物物理测量方面的进步，现在越来越多地研究生活在高压极端条件下的微生物，即“高压生物”。在这里，根据最近的实验和计算研究，讨论了高压生物中酶对压力影响的适应性。然而，尽管来自温度极端生物的酶的研究概念可以为理解高压生物酶的适应性提供框架，但温度和压力对蛋白质的影响在很大程度上是不同的。因此，高压生物酶适应性的知识状况仍处于起步阶段，还需要对来自不同高压生物的不同酶进行更多的实验和计算研究。
