Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu 520-2192, Japan.
Research Laboratories for Health Science & Food Technologies, Kirin Company Ltd., 1-13-5, Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan.
Curr Pharm Des. 2018;24(6):710-717. doi: 10.2174/1381612824666180116163411.
Recently, the risk of viral infection has dramatically increased owing to changes in human ecology such as global warming and an increased geographical movement of people and goods. However, the efficacy of vaccines and remedies for infectious diseases is limited by the high mutation rates of viruses, especially, RNA viruses. Here, we comprehensively review the effectiveness of several probiotics and paraprobiotics (sterilized probiotics) for the prevention or treatment of virally-induced infectious diseases. We discuss the unique roles of these agents in modulating the cross-talk between commensal bacteria and the mucosal immune system. In addition, we provide an overview of the unique mechanism by which viruses are eliminated through the stimulation of type 1 interferon production by probiotics and paraprobiotics via the activation of dendritic cells. Although further detailed research is necessary in the future, probiotics and/or paraprobiotics are expected to be among the rational adjunctive options for the treatment of various viral diseases.
最近，由于人类生态的变化，如全球变暖以及人与物的地理流动性增加，病毒感染的风险急剧上升。然而，疫苗和传染病治疗方法的效果受到病毒（尤其是 RNA 病毒）高突变率的限制。在这里，我们全面综述了几种益生菌和后生元（灭菌益生菌）在预防或治疗病毒引起的传染病方面的有效性。我们讨论了这些药物在调节共生细菌和黏膜免疫系统之间相互作用方面的独特作用。此外，我们还概述了益生菌和后生元通过激活树突状细胞刺激 1 型干扰素产生从而消除病毒的独特机制。尽管未来还需要进一步的详细研究，但益生菌和/或后生元有望成为治疗各种病毒疾病的合理辅助选择之一。
