Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany.
Interdisciplinary Center of Crop Plant Research (IZN), Halle, Germany.
J Exp Bot. 2018 Mar 24;69(7):1517-1531. doi: 10.1093/jxb/ery002.
Barley is cultivated more widely than the other major world crops because it adapts well to environmental constraints, such as drought, heat, and day length. To better understand the genetic control of local adaptation in barley, we studied development in the nested association mapping population HEB-25, derived from crossing 25 wild barley accessions with the cultivar 'Barke'. HEB-25 was cultivated in replicated field trials in Dundee (Scotland) and Halle (Germany), differing in regard to day length, precipitation, and temperature. Applying a genome-wide association study, we located 60 and 66 quantitative trait locus (QTL) regions regulating eight plant development traits in Dundee and Halle, respectively. A number of QTLs could be explained by known major genes such as PHOTOPERIOD 1 (Ppd-H1) and FLOWERING LOCUS T (HvFT-1) that regulate plant development. In addition, we observed that developmental traits in HEB-25 were partly controlled via genotype × environment and genotype × donor interactions, defined as location-specific and family-specific QTL effects. Our findings indicate that QTL alleles are available in the wild barley gene pool that show contrasting effects on plant development, which may be deployed to improve adaptation of cultivated barley to future environmental changes.
大麦的种植范围比其他主要世界作物更为广泛，因为它能很好地适应环境限制，如干旱、高温和日照长度。为了更好地理解大麦中局部适应性的遗传控制，我们研究了嵌套关联作图群体 HEB-25 的发育，该群体是由 25 个野生大麦品系与品种'Barke'杂交而成。HEB-25 在苏格兰邓迪和德国哈勒的重复田间试验中种植，两地在日照长度、降水和温度方面存在差异。通过全基因组关联研究，我们在邓迪和哈勒分别定位到调控 8 个植物发育性状的 60 个和 66 个数量性状位点（QTL）区域。许多 QTL 可以用已知的主效基因来解释，如调控植物发育的光周期 1（Ppd-H1）和开花时间（HvFT-1）。此外，我们观察到 HEB-25 的发育性状部分受基因型×环境和基因型×供体互作控制，这些互作被定义为特定地点和特定家族的 QTL 效应。我们的研究结果表明，野生大麦基因库中存在的 QTL 等位基因对植物发育有相反的影响，这可能被用来提高栽培大麦对未来环境变化的适应性。
