Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA.
Cell Mol Life Sci. 2013 Mar;70(6):1021-34. doi: 10.1007/s00018-012-1102-6. Epub 2012 Aug 15.
Centrosomes are organelles involved in generating and organizing the interphase microtubule cytoskeleton, mitotic spindles and cilia. At the centrosome core are a pair of centrioles, structures that act as the duplicating elements of this organelle. Centrioles function to recruit and organize pericentriolar material which nucleates microtubules. While centrioles are relatively simple in construction, the mechanics of centriole biogenesis remain an important yet poorly understood process. More mysterious still are the regulatory mechanisms that oversee centriole assembly. The fidelity of centriole duplication is critical as defects in either the assembly or number of centrioles promote aneuploidy, primary microcephaly, birth defects, ciliopathies and tumorigenesis. In addition, some pathogens employ mechanisms to promote centriole overduplication to the detriment of the host cell. This review summarizes our current understanding of this important topic, highlighting the need for further study if new therapeutics are to be developed to treat diseases arising from defects of centrosome duplication.
中心体是参与生成和组织有丝分裂纺锤体和纤毛的细胞间微管细胞骨架的细胞器。在中心体核心是一对中心粒，作为该细胞器的复制元件的结构。中心粒的功能是招募和组织中心粒周围物质，这些物质可以核化微管。虽然中心粒的结构相对简单，但中心粒生物发生的机制仍然是一个重要但尚未完全理解的过程。更神秘的是监督中心粒组装的调节机制。中心粒复制的保真度至关重要，因为中心粒组装或数量的缺陷会导致非整倍体、原发性小头畸形、出生缺陷、纤毛病和肿瘤发生。此外，一些病原体利用机制促进中心粒过度复制，从而损害宿主细胞。这篇综述总结了我们目前对这一重要主题的理解，强调了如果要开发新的治疗方法来治疗因中心体复制缺陷引起的疾病，就需要进一步研究。
