Park Young Joon, Lee Heung Kyu
Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, South Korea.
KAIST Institute for Health Science and Technology, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, South Korea.
Front Immunol. 2018 Jan 10;8:1955. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01955. eCollection 2017.
The skin and orogenital mucosae, which constitute complex protective barriers against infection and injuries, are not only the first to come into contact with pathogens but are also colonized by a set of microorganisms that are essential to maintain a healthy physiological environment. Using 16S ribosomal RNA metagenomic sequencing, scientists recognized that the microorganism colonization has greater diversity and variability than previously assumed. These microorganisms, such as commensal bacteria, affect the host's immune response against pathogens and modulate chronic inflammatory responses. Previously, a single pathogen was thought to cause a single disease, but current evidence suggests that dysbiosis of the tissue microbiota may underlie the disease status. Dysbiosis results in aberrant immune responses at the surface and furthermore, affects the systemic immune response. Hence, understanding the initial interaction between the barrier surface immune system and local microorganisms is important for understanding the overall systemic effects of the immune response. In this review, we describe current evidence for the basis of the interactions between pathogens, microbiota, and immune cells on surface barriers and offer explanations for how these interactions may lead to chronic inflammatory disorders.
皮肤和口腔生殖器黏膜构成了抵御感染和损伤的复杂保护屏障，它们不仅最先接触病原体，还被一组对维持健康生理环境至关重要的微生物所定植。通过16S核糖体RNA宏基因组测序，科学家认识到微生物定植的多样性和变异性比之前设想的更大。这些微生物，如共生细菌，会影响宿主对病原体的免疫反应并调节慢性炎症反应。以前，人们认为单一病原体导致单一疾病，但目前的证据表明，组织微生物群的失调可能是疾病状态的基础。失调会导致表面异常的免疫反应，进而影响全身免疫反应。因此，了解屏障表面免疫系统与局部微生物之间的初始相互作用对于理解免疫反应的整体全身效应很重要。在这篇综述中，我们描述了目前关于病原体、微生物群和免疫细胞在表面屏障上相互作用基础的证据，并解释了这些相互作用如何可能导致慢性炎症性疾病。
