Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, CNRS UPR4301, Orléans, France.
Remedials Laboratoire, 91 rue du Faubourg Saint-Honoré, 75008 Paris, France.
Mediators Inflamm. 2017;2017:5095293. doi: 10.1155/2017/5095293. Epub 2017 Oct 18.
The skin is an essential organ to the human body protecting it from external aggressions and pathogens. Over the years, the skin was proven to have a crucial immunological role, not only being a passive protective barrier but a network of effector cells and molecular mediators that constitute a highly sophisticated compound known as the "skin immune system" (SIS). Studies of skin immune sentinels provided essential insights of a complex and dynamic immunity, which was achieved through interaction between the external and internal cutaneous compartments. In fact, the skin surface is cohabited by microorganisms recognized as skin microbiota that live in complete harmony with the immune sentinels and contribute to the epithelial barrier reinforcement. However, under stress, the symbiotic relationship changes into a dysbiotic one resulting in skin disorders. Hence, the skin microbiota may have either positive or negative influence on the immune system. This review aims at providing basic background information on the cutaneous immune system from major cellular and molecular players and the impact of its microbiota on the well-coordinated immune responses in host defense.
皮肤是人体的重要器官，保护人体免受外部侵害和病原体的侵害。多年来，皮肤已被证明具有至关重要的免疫作用，不仅是一种被动的保护屏障，还是一个由效应细胞和分子介质组成的网络，构成了一个被称为“皮肤免疫系统”（SIS）的高度复杂的综合体。对皮肤免疫哨兵的研究提供了对复杂而动态的免疫的重要见解，这是通过外部和内部皮肤隔室之间的相互作用来实现的。事实上，皮肤表面居住着被认为是皮肤微生物群的微生物，它们与免疫哨兵和谐共处，有助于增强上皮屏障。然而，在压力下，共生关系会变成失调关系，导致皮肤疾病。因此，皮肤微生物群可能对免疫系统既有积极影响，也有消极影响。这篇综述旨在提供关于皮肤免疫系统的主要细胞和分子成分的基础知识，以及其微生物群对宿主防御中协调良好的免疫反应的影响。
