Department of Nutrition, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
Center for Research on Population Health, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, México.
J Nutr. 2018 Jan 1;148(1):117-124. doi: 10.1093/jn/nxx021.
Soda intake is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Consumption of diet sodas, often considered healthy alternatives to sodas, could also increase the likelihood of cardiovascular outcomes.
This study aims to evaluate the relation between soda and diet soda and biomarkers of cardiovascular risk.
We conducted a cross-sectional analysis among 825 Mexican women free of diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer, and for whom serum concentrations of C-reactive protein (CRP), C-peptide, adiponectin, and leptin were available. Mean ± SD age was 45.9 ± 6.6 y, the majority of women were premenopausal (60.4%), and the prevalence of obesity was 35%. We estimated the adjusted percentage differences in biomarkers and 95% CIs by performing multiple linear regression models comparing categories of consumption for soda and diet soda adjusting for age, family history of heart disease, menopause, menopausal hormone therapy, socioeconomic status, region, smoking, physical activity, alcohol intake, and dietary patterns.
In the entire study sample we observed a 50% higher serum CRP concentration in women in the highest soda intake quartile (median intake: 202.9 mL/d, IQR: 101.4, 304.3 mL/d) compared to those in the lowest (median intake: 11.8 mL/d, IQR: 0.0, 152.1 mL/d). After stratification by menopausal status, results remained significant only for premenopausal women. Premenopausal women in the highest quartile of soda intake had 56% higher CRP concentration relative to women in the lowest quartile. We observed no significant association with the other biomarkers. After further adjustment for body mass index, a potential mediator, results remained significant only for CRP. Diet soda consumption was not associated with any of the biomarkers.
Consumption of soda was associated with adverse levels in a biomarker of inflammation and cardiovascular risk, serum CRP, in Mexican women. These results add to the accumulating evidence on soda and cardiovascular risk. More research is necessary to understand the potential impact of artificially sweetened sodas.
摄入苏打水与心血管疾病风险增加有关。而饮用无糖苏打水（通常被认为是苏打水的健康替代品）也可能增加心血管事件的发生几率。
本研究旨在评估苏打水和无糖苏打水与心血管风险生物标志物之间的关系。
我们对 825 名无糖尿病、心血管疾病和癌症的墨西哥女性进行了横断面分析，这些女性的血清 C 反应蛋白（CRP）、C 肽、脂联素和瘦素浓度可测。平均年龄为 45.9 ± 6.6 岁，大多数女性处于绝经前期（60.4%），肥胖的患病率为 35%。我们通过执行多个线性回归模型，比较了不同类别的苏打水和无糖苏打水的消费情况，以调整年龄、心脏病家族史、绝经、绝经激素治疗、社会经济地位、地区、吸烟、身体活动、酒精摄入和饮食模式等因素，估计生物标志物的调整后百分比差异和 95%置信区间。
在整个研究样本中，我们观察到最高苏打水摄入量 quartile 组（中位数：202.9 毫升/天，IQR：101.4，304.3 毫升/天）的女性血清 CRP 浓度比最低 quartile 组（中位数：11.8 毫升/天，IQR：0.0，152.1 毫升/天）高 50%。在按绝经状态分层后，结果仅在绝经前妇女中仍有意义。与最低 quartile 组相比，最高 quartile 组的 CRP 浓度增加了 56%。我们没有观察到与其他生物标志物的显著关联。在进一步调整体重指数（潜在的中介变量）后，结果仅对 CRP 仍有意义。无糖苏打水的消费与任何生物标志物均无关联。
在墨西哥女性中，苏打水的摄入与炎症和心血管风险的生物标志物 CRP 的不良水平有关。这些结果增加了关于苏打水与心血管风险的累积证据。需要进一步研究来了解人工甜味苏打水的潜在影响。
