Weissenberger Simon, Ptacek Radek, Vnukova Martina, Raboch Jiri, Klicperova-Baker Martina, Domkarova Lucie, Goetz Michal
Department of Psychiatry, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague.
Department of Psychology, University of New York in Prague, Prague.
Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2018 Jan 15;14:293-299. doi: 10.2147/NDT.S148921. eCollection 2018.
Adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been added as a diagnosis to the version 5 (DSM5) in 2013, thus making ADHD, which has been classically known as a childhood disorder, a life-long disorder. Those suffering from the condition show very specific behavioral traits, which manifest as lifestyle habits; they also show comorbidities that can be the symptoms and/or consequences of certain lifestyles.
The targeted population was adults aged 18-65 years. The total sample was 1,012 (507 males and 505 females). The Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS V. 1.1) was administered to evaluate the current symptoms of ADHD and a questionnaire regarding lifestyles that are pertinent to ADHD, exercise, drug use, and diet.
An ASRS score of 4-6 points was found in 11.4% of the male population and 9.7% of the female population (5-6 points indicate very high-intensity symptoms). A score of 6, the highest intensity of symptomatology, was found in 1.18% of males and 0.99% of females. Gender differences in scores were not statistically significant. In terms of self-reported lifestyles, we calculated an ordered logistic regression and the odds ratios of those with ASRS scores >4. Those with higher ASRS scores had higher rates of self-reported unhealthy lifestyles and poor diets with high consumption of sweets. We also ascertained a paradoxical finding that is not in line with the current literature on the disorder - lower rates of cigarette smoking among people with higher ADHD symptomatology.
Several specific lifestyles were found to be associated with higher ADHD symptoms such as poor diet and cannabis use. Other factors classically associated with the disorder such as cocaine addiction and nicotinism were either insignificant or surprisingly less prominent among the Czech sample. However, ADHD-prone respondents reported to be more physically active, which fits the clinical picture of hyperactivity but contrasts with literature that reports sedentary ADHD lifestyle.
成人注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）在2013年被添加到《精神疾病诊断与统计手册》第5版（DSM5）中，这使得传统上被认为是儿童期疾病的ADHD成为一种终身疾病。患有这种疾病的人表现出非常特定的行为特征，这些特征表现为生活习惯；他们还表现出一些共病情况，这些共病可能是某些生活方式的症状和/或后果。
目标人群为18至65岁的成年人。总样本为1012人（507名男性和505名女性）。采用成人ADHD自我报告量表（ASRS V. 1.1）来评估当前ADHD症状，并发放一份关于与ADHD、运动、药物使用和饮食相关的生活方式问卷。
在男性人群中，11.4%的人ASRS得分为4 - 6分，女性人群中这一比例为9.7%（5 - 6分表明症状强度非常高）。症状强度最高的6分在1.18%的男性和0.99%的女性中出现。得分的性别差异无统计学意义。在自我报告的生活方式方面，我们进行了有序逻辑回归分析，并计算了ASRS得分>4者的优势比。ASRS得分较高者自我报告的不健康生活方式和高糖不良饮食发生率更高。我们还确定了一个与当前该疾病文献不符的矛盾发现——ADHD症状较重者吸烟率较低。
发现几种特定的生活方式与较高的ADHD症状有关，如不良饮食和大麻使用。其他传统上与该疾病相关的因素，如可卡因成瘾和尼古丁中毒，在捷克样本中要么不显著，要么出人意料地不那么突出。然而，易患ADHD的受访者报告称身体活动更多，这符合多动的临床症状，但与报告ADHD患者久坐生活方式的文献形成对比。
