Lemaire M, Le Huërou-Luron I, Blat S
1INRA,INSERM,Univ Rennes,Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer (NuMeCan),Rennes,France.
J Dev Orig Health Dis. 2018 Dec;9(6):573-589. doi: 10.1017/S2040174417000964. Epub 2018 Feb 5.
Early nutrition may have long-lasting metabolic impacts in adulthood. Even though breast milk is the gold standard, most infants are at least partly formula-fed. Despite obvious improvements, infant formulas remain perfectible to reduce the gap between breastfed and formula-fed infants. Improvements such as reducing the protein content, modulating the lipid matrix and adding prebiotics, probiotics and synbiotics, are discussed regarding metabolic health. Numerous questions remain to be answered on how impacting the infant formula composition may modulate the host metabolism and exert long-term benefits. Interactions between early nutrition (composition of human milk and infant formula) and the gut microbiota profile, as well as mechanisms connecting gut microbiota to metabolic health, are highlighted. Gut microbiota stands as a key actor in the nutritional programming but additional well-designed longitudinal human studies are needed.
早期营养可能会对成年后的新陈代谢产生持久影响。尽管母乳是金标准，但大多数婴儿至少部分是用配方奶粉喂养的。尽管有明显改善，但婴儿配方奶粉仍有改进空间，以缩小母乳喂养和配方奶粉喂养婴儿之间的差距。本文讨论了诸如降低蛋白质含量、调节脂质基质以及添加益生元、益生菌和合生元等改善措施对代谢健康的影响。关于婴儿配方奶粉成分如何调节宿主新陈代谢并产生长期益处，仍有许多问题有待解答。本文强调了早期营养（母乳和婴儿配方奶粉的成分）与肠道微生物群特征之间的相互作用，以及将肠道微生物群与代谢健康联系起来的机制。肠道微生物群是营养编程中的关键因素，但还需要更多精心设计的纵向人体研究。
