Maternal short chain fructo-oligosaccharides supplementation during late gestation and lactation influences milk components and offspring gut metabolome: a pilot study.

Breast milk composition is influenced by maternal diet. This study aimed to evaluate if supplementation of maternal diet with a prebiotic fibre, through its potential effect on milk composition, can be a leverage to orientate the gut microbiota of infants in a way that would be beneficial for their health. Twelve sows received a diet supplemented with short chain fructo-oligosaccharides or maltodextrins during the last month of gestation and the lactation. Oligosaccharidic and lipidomic profiles of colostrum and mature milk (21 days), as well as faecal microbiota composition and metabolomic profile of 21 day-old piglets were evaluated. The total porcine milk oligosaccharide concentration tended to be lower in scFOS-supplemented sows, mainly due to the significant reduction of the neutral core oligosaccharides (in particular that of a tetrahexose). Maternal scFOS supplementation affected the concentration of 31 lipids (mainly long-chain triglycerides) in mature milk. Faecal short-chain fatty acid content and that of 16 bacterial metabolites were modified by scFOS supplementation. Interestingly, the integrative data analysis gave a novel insight into the relationships between (i) maternal milk lipids and PMOs and (ii) offspring faecal bacteria and metabolites. In conclusion, scFOS-enriched maternal diet affected the composition of mature milk, and this was associated with a change in the colonisation of the offspring intestinal microbiota.