Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kunshan First People's Hospital, Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Kunshan 215300, Jiangsu, China.
Cancer Institute of Chongqing, Chongqing 400030, China.
Cancer Biomark. 2018;21(4):805-812. doi: 10.3233/CBM-170738.
Exosomes are lipid bilayer vesicles of endocytic origin ranging from 30 to 100 nm in size, and contain various nucleic acid molecules such as DNA, mRNA, miRNA, lncRNA and multiple proteins, which could be transferred into target cells. Recent study indicated that exosomes as information carriers between cells has introduced us to a new previously unknown biological communication system. Increasing evidences show that exosomes play a crucial role in gastric cancer because they are potential to influence normal cellular physiology and promote various states of the cancer. In this review, we focus on the latest findings on exosomes in the plasma of gastric cancer patients, mainly summarizing the functions of miRNAs, lncRNAs and multiple proteins in diagnosis, prognosis, and in establishing treatment regimens against gastric cancer. Furtherly, potential functions of exosomes as novel diagnostic biomarkers for gastric cancer are discussed extensively. Exosomes are believed to be a non-invasive disease biomarker with a dual capability to provide insights into the early diagnosis for gastric cancer.
外泌体是起源于内体的脂质双层囊泡，大小为 30 至 100nm，包含各种核酸分子，如 DNA、mRNA、miRNA、lncRNA 和多种蛋白质，可被转移到靶细胞中。最近的研究表明，外泌体作为细胞间的信息载体，为我们引入了一个以前未知的新的生物通讯系统。越来越多的证据表明，外泌体在胃癌中起着至关重要的作用，因为它们有可能影响正常细胞的生理功能，并促进癌症的各种状态。在这篇综述中，我们重点介绍了胃癌患者血浆中外泌体的最新发现，主要总结了 miRNAs、lncRNAs 和多种蛋白质在诊断、预后和建立胃癌治疗方案中的作用。此外，还广泛讨论了外泌体作为胃癌新型诊断生物标志物的潜在功能。外泌体被认为是一种非侵入性疾病生物标志物，具有双重能力，能够为胃癌的早期诊断提供深入了解。
