Institute of Biomedicine, Pharmacology, Aarhus University, Wilhelm Meyers Allé 4, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
Clinic for Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Otto von Guericke University, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany.
Int J Mol Sci. 2018 Feb 3;19(2):455. doi: 10.3390/ijms19020455.
The aim of this review is to investigate, whether there is a possible link between vitamin D supplementation and the reduction of blood pressure in hypertensive patients. The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system is known for being deeply involved in cardiovascular tonus and blood pressure regulation. Hence, many of the pharmaceutical antihypertensive drugs inhibit this system. Interestingly, experimental studies in mice have indicated that vitamin D supplementation significantly lowers renin synthesis and blood pressure. It is conceivable that similar mechanisms may be found in the human organism. Regarding this, large-scale cross-sectional studies suggest the serum 25(OH)D-level to be inversely correlated to the prevalence of hypertension. However, randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have not found a clear association between vitamin D supplementation and improvements in hypertension. Nevertheless, the missing association of vitamin D and hypertension in clinical trials can be due to suboptimal study designs. There are hints that restoration of serum 25(OH)D levels during vitamin D therapy is essential to achieve possible beneficial cardiovascular effects. It is important to perform long-term trials with a short dose interval and a high bioavailability of supplementation. Taken together, more RCTs are required to further investigate if vitamin D can be beneficial for the reduction of blood pressure.
本综述旨在探讨维生素 D 补充是否与高血压患者血压降低之间存在可能的联系。众所周知，肾素-血管紧张素-醛固酮系统（renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system）在心血管张力和血压调节中起着重要作用。因此，许多降压药物通过抑制该系统发挥作用。有趣的是，对小鼠的实验研究表明，维生素 D 补充可显著降低肾素合成和血压。可以想象，类似的机制可能在人体中存在。关于这一点，大规模横断面研究表明，血清 25（OH）D 水平与高血压的患病率呈负相关。然而，随机对照试验（RCT）并未发现维生素 D 补充与高血压改善之间存在明确关联。然而，临床试验中维生素 D 和高血压之间缺乏关联可能是由于研究设计不够理想。有迹象表明，在维生素 D 治疗期间恢复血清 25（OH）D 水平对于实现可能的有益心血管效果至关重要。进行具有较短间隔时间和高生物利用度补充的长期试验非常重要。综上所述，需要更多的 RCT 来进一步研究维生素 D 是否有助于降低血压。
