Institute for Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Straße 9, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, Senckenberganlage 25, 60325, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
Parasit Vectors. 2018 Feb 5;11(1):81. doi: 10.1186/s13071-018-2659-1.
As ectothermic animals, temperature influences insects in almost every aspect. The potential disease spreading Asian bush mosquito (Aedes japonicus japonicus) is native to temperate East Asia but invasive in several parts of the world. We report on the previously poorly understood temperature-dependence of its life history under laboratory conditions to understand invasion processes and to model temperature niches.
To evaluate winter survival, eggs were exposed between 1 day and 14 days to low temperatures (5 °C, 0 °C, -5 °C and -9 °C). Hatching success was drastically decreased after exposure to 0 °C and -5 °C, and the minimal hatching success of 0% was reached at -9 °C after two days. We then exposed larvae to 14 temperatures and assessed their life trait parameters. Larval survival to adulthood was only possible between 10 °C and 31 °C. Based on this, we modelled the optimal (25 °C), minimal (7 °C) and maximal (31 °C) temperature for cumulative female survival. The time to adult emergence ranges from 12 days to 58 days depending on temperature. We used an age-at-emergence-temperature model to calculate the number of potential generations per year for the Asian bush mosquito in Germany with an average of 4.72 potential generations. At lower temperatures, individuals grew larger than at higher temperatures with female R1 length ranging from 3.04 ± 0.1 mm at 31 °C to 4.26 ± 0.2 mm at 15 °C.
Reduced egg hatch after exposure to sub-zero temperatures prohibits the establishment of the Asian bush mosquito in large parts of Germany. Larval overwintering is not possible at temperature ≤ 5 °C. The many potential generations displayed per year may contribute to the species' invasion success. This study on the thermal ecology of the Asian bush mosquito adds to our knowledge on the temperature dependence of the species and data could be incorporated in epidemiological and population dynamic modelling.
作为变温动物，温度几乎影响到昆虫的方方面面。潜在的疾病传播亚洲灌木蚊（Aedes japonicus japonicus）原产于东亚温带地区，但已入侵世界多个地区。我们报告了实验室条件下其生活史对温度的依赖性，以便了解入侵过程并建立温度生态位模型。
为了评估冬季存活率，将卵暴露于 5°C、0°C、-5°C 和-9°C 等低温下 1 天至 14 天。在暴露于 0°C 和-5°C 后，孵化成功率大幅下降，在 2 天后孵化成功率最低达到 0%。然后，我们将幼虫暴露于 14 种温度下，并评估其生活特征参数。幼虫只有在 10°C 至 31°C 之间才能存活至成虫。在此基础上，我们模拟了雌性累积存活率的最佳（25°C）、最小（7°C）和最大（31°C）温度。成虫出现的时间范围从 12 天到 58 天不等，取决于温度。我们使用龄期-温度模型计算了德国亚洲灌木蚊每年的潜在世代数，平均为 4.72 个潜在世代。在较低的温度下，个体比在较高的温度下生长得更大，雌性 R1 长度范围从 31°C 时的 3.04±0.1mm 到 15°C 时的 4.26±0.2mm。
暴露于零度以下温度后孵化率降低，使得亚洲灌木蚊在德国大部分地区无法建立种群。幼虫在温度≤5°C 时无法越冬。每年潜在的大量世代数可能有助于该物种的入侵成功。本研究对亚洲灌木蚊的热生态学进行了补充，增加了我们对该物种对温度依赖性的了解，相关数据可以纳入流行病学和种群动态模型中。
