Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research, Eberswalder Straße 84, 15374, Müncheberg, Germany.
Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany.
Parasit Vectors. 2020 Dec 17;13(1):623. doi: 10.1186/s13071-020-04461-z.
Aedes japonicus japonicus, first detected in Europe in 2000 and considered established in Germany 10 years later, is of medical importance due to its opportunistic biting behaviour and its potential to transmit pathogenic viruses. Its seasonal phenology, temperature and land use preference related to oviposition in newly colonised regions remain unclear, especially in the context of co-occurring native mosquito species.
Focussing on regions in Germany known to be infested by Ae. japonicus japonicus, we installed ovitraps in different landscapes and their transition zones and recorded the oviposition activity of mosquitoes in relation to season, temperature and land use (arable land, forest, settlement) in two field seasons (May-August 2017, April-November 2018).
Ae. japonicus japonicus eggs and larvae were encountered in 2017 from June to August and in 2018 from May to November, with a markedly high abundance from June to September in rural transition zones between forest and settlement, limited to water temperatures below 30 °C. Of the three native mosquito taxa using the ovitraps, the most frequent was Culex pipiens s.l., whose offspring was found in high numbers from June to August at water temperatures of up to 35 °C. The third recorded species, Anopheles plumbeus, rarely occurred in ovitraps positioned in settlements and on arable land, but was often associated with Ae. japonicus japonicus. The least frequent species, Aedes geniculatus, was mostly found in ovitraps located in the forest.
The transition zone between forest and settlement was demonstrated to be the preferred oviposition habitat of Ae. japonicus japonicus, where it was also the most frequent container-inhabiting mosquito species in this study. Compared to native taxa, Ae. japonicus japonicus showed an extended seasonal activity period, presumably due to tolerance of colder water temperatures. Higher water temperatures and arable land represent distribution barriers to this species. The frequently co-occurring native species An. plumbeus might be useful as an indicator for potentially suitable oviposition habitats of Ae. japonicus japonicus in hitherto uncolonised regions. The results contribute to a better understanding of mosquito ecology and provide a basis for more targeted monitoring, distribution modelling and risk management of mosquitoes.
2000 年在欧洲首次发现白纹伊蚊，10 年后被认为在德国定殖，由于其机会性叮咬行为及其传播致病性病毒的潜力，具有医学重要性。其在新殖民地区的季节性物候学、温度和土地利用偏好与产卵有关，但仍不清楚，特别是在共存的本地蚊子物种的情况下。
我们专注于已知有白纹伊蚊定殖的德国地区，在不同的景观及其过渡区安装了诱卵器，并记录了蚊子在两个野外季节（2017 年 5 月至 8 月和 2018 年 4 月至 11 月）中与季节、温度和土地利用（耕地、森林、定居点）相关的产卵活动。
2017 年 6 月至 8 月和 2018 年 5 月至 11 月期间遇到白纹伊蚊的卵和幼虫，6 月至 9 月在森林与定居点之间的农村过渡区，数量明显较高，仅限于水温低于 30°C。在使用诱卵器的三种本地蚊子中，最常见的是库蚊复合种，其后代在 6 月至 8 月期间在高达 35°C 的水温下大量出现。第三种记录的物种，致倦库蚊，很少出现在位于定居点和耕地上的诱卵器中，但经常与白纹伊蚊有关。最不常见的物种，银斑蚊，主要在森林中的诱卵器中发现。
森林与定居点之间的过渡区被证明是白纹伊蚊的首选产卵栖息地，也是本研究中最常见的容器栖息蚊子物种。与本地分类群相比，白纹伊蚊的季节性活动期延长，可能是由于对较低水温的耐受性。较高的水温和耕地是对白纹伊蚊分布的障碍。经常共存的本地物种致倦库蚊可能是一个有用的指标，可以指示在迄今未殖民的地区，白纹伊蚊可能适合产卵的栖息地。结果有助于更好地了解蚊子的生态学，并为更有针对性的监测、分布建模和蚊子风险管理提供基础。
