Chatigny Frederic, Creighton Catherine M, Stevens E Don
Departments of Biomedical Sciences, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Prince Edward, Canada;, Email:
Department of Companion Animals, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward, Charlottetown, Prince Edward, Canada.
J Am Assoc Lab Anim Sci. 2018 Jan 1;57(1):5-12.
Analgesics are an integral part of routine pain management in mammals, yet their use in fish is still limited. Some recommendations on the use of analgesics in fish are currently in the literature; however, information on the properties of analgesic drugs in most fish species is still scarce and sometimes misleading. The present review of information on the use of analgesics in fish was thus compiled to help clinicians make an informed decision as to which drug and dose to use. The main agents that have been investigated are opioids, NSAID, and local anesthetics, primarily in rainbow trout and zebrafish. There is presently no overwhelming evidence of efficacy for most analgesics in fish, although beneficial effects on behavior and physiologic parameters have been reported in many instances, especially associated with morphine administration. Furthermore, most analgesics did not result in significant adverse side effects. Thus, analgesics could be administered whenever it is considered that an animal might experience pain, given that the drugs appear not to cause harm and may be beneficial. However, caution must be advised because 1) important interspecies variation has been reported and 2) unforeseen effects could affect experimental results. Further research is needed to investigate analgesic use in fish. This should be accompanied by research aimed at improving our knowledge of the various species of fish. The current lack of a validated approach to assessing pain in fish limits our ability to evaluate the efficacy of analgesics in fish.
镇痛药是哺乳动物常规疼痛管理中不可或缺的一部分，但它们在鱼类中的应用仍然有限。目前文献中有一些关于在鱼类中使用镇痛药的建议；然而，关于大多数鱼类物种中镇痛药特性的信息仍然匮乏，有时还会产生误导。因此，本次对鱼类使用镇痛药信息的综述旨在帮助临床医生就是使用哪种药物和剂量做出明智的决定。主要研究的药物是阿片类药物、非甾体抗炎药和局部麻醉药，主要研究对象是虹鳟鱼和斑马鱼。目前，虽然在许多情况下已报道了对行为和生理参数的有益影响，尤其是与吗啡给药相关的影响，但大多数镇痛药在鱼类中的疗效尚无压倒性证据。此外，大多数镇痛药并未导致明显的不良副作用。因此，只要认为动物可能会感到疼痛，就可以使用镇痛药，因为这些药物似乎不会造成伤害，而且可能有益。然而，必须谨慎行事，因为1）已报道存在重要的种间差异，2）不可预见的影响可能会影响实验结果。需要进一步研究来调查鱼类中镇痛药的使用情况。这应该伴随着旨在提高我们对各种鱼类了解的研究。目前缺乏一种经过验证的评估鱼类疼痛的方法，这限制了我们评估鱼类中镇痛药疗效的能力。
