Padela Aasim I, Zaidi Danish
Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
Avicenna J Med. 2018 Jan-Mar;8(1):1-13. doi: 10.4103/ajm.AJM_134_17.
The objective of this study was to identify mechanisms by which Islamic beliefs, values, and Muslim identity might contribute to health inequities among Muslim populations.
A systematic literature review of empirical studies in Medline from 1980 to 2009 was conducted. The search strategy used three terms covering health-care disparities, ethnicity, and location to uncover relevant papers.
A total of 171 articles were relevant based on titles and abstracts. Upon subsequent full-text review, most studies did not include religious identity or religiosity as explanatory variables for observed health disparities. Of 29 studies mentioning Islam within the text, 19 implicated Muslim identity or practices as potential explanations for health differences between Muslim and non-Muslim groups. These 19 studies generated six mechanisms that related the Islamic tradition, Muslim practices, and health inequities: (1) Interpretations of health and/or lack of health based on Islamic theology; (2) Ethical and/or cultural challenges within the clinical realm stemming from Islamic values or practices; (3) Perceived discrimination due to, or a lack of cultural accommodation of, religious values or practices in the clinical realm; (4) Health practices rooted within the Islamic tradition; (5) Patterns of health-care seeking based on Islamic values; and (6) Adverse health exposures due to having a Muslim identity.
While there is scant empirical research on Muslim health-care disparities, a preliminary conceptual model relating Islam to health inequities can be built from the extant literature. This model can serve to organize research on Muslim health and distinguish different ways in which a Muslim identity might contribute to the patterning of health disparities.
本研究旨在确定伊斯兰教信仰、价值观和穆斯林身份可能导致穆斯林人群健康不平等的机制。
对1980年至2009年Medline上的实证研究进行了系统的文献综述。搜索策略使用了三个术语，涵盖医疗保健差异、种族和地理位置，以找出相关论文。
根据标题和摘要，共有171篇文章相关。在随后的全文审查中，大多数研究没有将宗教身份或宗教信仰作为观察到的健康差异的解释变量。在文中提到伊斯兰教的29项研究中，19项将穆斯林身份或习俗作为穆斯林和非穆斯林群体之间健康差异的潜在解释。这19项研究产生了六种将伊斯兰传统、穆斯林习俗和健康不平等联系起来的机制：（1）基于伊斯兰神学对健康和/或健康缺失的解释；（2）临床领域中源于伊斯兰价值观或习俗的伦理和/或文化挑战；（3）临床领域中因宗教价值观或习俗而受到的感知歧视或缺乏文化适应；（4）植根于伊斯兰传统的健康习俗；（5）基于伊斯兰价值观的医疗保健寻求模式；（6）因具有穆斯林身份而面临的不良健康暴露。
虽然关于穆斯林医疗保健差异的实证研究很少，但可以从现有文献中构建一个将伊斯兰教与健康不平等联系起来的初步概念模型。这个模型可以用于组织关于穆斯林健康的研究，并区分穆斯林身份可能导致健康差异模式的不同方式。
