Li Katherine J, Borresen Erica C, Jenkins-Puccetti NaNet, Luckasen Gary, Ryan Elizabeth P
Nutrition and Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States.
Medical Center of the Rockies, University of Colorado Health Research - Northern Region, Loveland, CO, United States.
Front Nutr. 2018 Jan 19;4:71. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2017.00071. eCollection 2017.
Abnormal cholesterol in childhood predicts cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in adulthood. Navy beans and rice bran have demonstrated efficacy in regulating blood lipids in adults and children; however, their effects on modulating the child plasma metabolome has not been investigated and warrants investigation. A pilot, randomized-controlled, clinical trial was conducted in 38 children (10 ± 0.8 years old) with abnormal cholesterol. Participants consumed a snack for 4 weeks containing either: no navy bean or rice bran (control); 17.5 g/day cooked navy bean powder; 15 g/day heat-stabilized rice bran; or 9 g/day navy beans and 8 g/day rice bran. Plasma metabolites were extracted using 80% methanol for global, non-targeted metabolic profiling ultra-high performance liquid-chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Differences in plasma metabolite levels after 4 weeks of dietary intervention compared to control and baseline were analyzed using analysis of variance and Welch's -tests ( ≤ 0.05). Navy bean and/or rice bran consumption influenced 71 plasma compounds compared to control ( ≤ 0.05), with lipids representing 46% of the total plasma metabolome. Significant changes were determined for 18 plasma lipids in the navy bean group and 10 plasma lipids for the rice bran group compared to control, and 48 lipids in the navy bean group and 40 in the rice bran group compared to baseline. These results support the hypothesis that consumption of these foods impact blood lipid metabolism with implications for reducing CVD risk in children. Complementary and distinct lipid pathways were affected by the diet groups, including acylcarnitines and lysolipids (navy bean), sphingolipids (rice bran), and phospholipids (navy bean + rice bran). Navy bean consumption decreased free fatty acids associated with metabolic diseases (palmitate and arachidonate) and increased the relative abundance of endogenous anti-inflammatory lipids (endocannabinoids, N-linoleoylglycine, 12,13-diHOME). Several diet-derived amino acids, phytochemicals, and cofactors/vitamins with cardioprotective properties were increased compared to control and/or baseline, including 6-oxopiperidine-2-carboxylate (1.87-fold), -methylpipecolate (1.89-fold), trigonelline (4.44- to 7.75-fold), -methylcysteine (2.12-fold) (navy bean), salicylate (2.74-fold), and pyridoxal (3.35- to 3.96-fold) (rice bran). Findings from this pilot study support the need for investigating the effects of these foods for longer durations to reduce CVD risk.
clinicaltrials.gov (identifier NCT01911390).
儿童期胆固醇异常可预测成年期心血管疾病（CVD）风险。菜豆和米糠已证明对成人和儿童的血脂具有调节作用；然而，它们对儿童血浆代谢组的调节作用尚未得到研究，值得进行调查。对38名胆固醇异常的儿童（10±0.8岁）进行了一项试点随机对照临床试验。参与者连续4周食用一种零食，其中包含：不含菜豆或米糠（对照组）；17.5克/天的熟菜豆粉；15克/天的热稳定米糠；或9克/天的菜豆和8克/天的米糠。使用80%甲醇提取血浆代谢物，用于全局非靶向代谢谱分析——超高效液相色谱串联质谱法。使用方差分析和韦尔奇检验（P≤0.05）分析饮食干预4周后与对照组和基线相比血浆代谢物水平的差异。与对照组相比，食用菜豆和/或米糠影响了71种血浆化合物（P≤0.05），其中脂质占血浆代谢组总量的46%。与对照组相比，菜豆组有18种血浆脂质发生显著变化，米糠组有10种血浆脂质发生显著变化；与基线相比，菜豆组有48种脂质发生变化，米糠组有40种脂质发生变化。这些结果支持了这样的假设，即食用这些食物会影响血脂代谢，对降低儿童CVD风险具有重要意义。不同的饮食组影响了互补且独特的脂质途径，包括酰基肉碱和溶血磷脂（菜豆）、鞘脂（米糠）以及磷脂（菜豆+米糠）。食用菜豆可降低与代谢疾病相关的游离脂肪酸（棕榈酸和花生四烯酸），并增加内源性抗炎脂质（内源性大麻素、N-亚油酰甘氨酸、12,13-二羟基十八碳二烯酸）的相对丰度。与对照组和/或基线相比，几种具有心脏保护特性的饮食衍生氨基酸、植物化学物质以及辅助因子/维生素有所增加，包括6-氧代哌啶-2-羧酸（1.87倍）、β-甲基哌啶酸（1.89倍）、胡芦巴碱（4.44至7.75倍）、β-甲基半胱氨酸（2.12倍）（菜豆）、水杨酸盐（2.74倍）以及吡哆醛（3.35至3.96倍）（米糠）。这项试点研究的结果支持有必要对这些食物的长期效果进行研究，以降低CVD风险。
clinicaltrials.gov（标识符NCT01911390）。
