Depressive symptoms and sickle cell pain: The moderating role of internalized stigma.

Recent studies describe the clinical implications of sickle cell disease (SCD) stigma. However, little is known about its link to depressive symptoms or its relative influence on the association between depressive symptoms and SCD pain. We examined whether internalized stigma about SCD moderated the relation between depressive symptoms and pain among 69 adults attending a SCD clinic who reported pain episodes and healthcare use over the past three months. Unadjusted bivariate analyses showed a marginal association between depressive symptoms and SCD pain frequency ( = .21, < .10). Further analyses adjusting for health care use indicated a moderating effect of internalized stigma ( = -.10, < .05): a significant association between depressive symptoms and pain was observed among participants low in internalized stigma, but this relationship was attenuated at moderate and high stigma levels. These results denote counterintuitive consequences of internalized attitudes about SCD and suggest a need for further study of the psychosocial and clinical implications of SCD stigma.