Ngernsutivorakul Thitaphat, White Thomas S, Kennedy Robert T
Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 N. University Ave, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
Macromolecular Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, 3003E, NCRC Building 28, 2800 Plymouth Rd., Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
Chemphyschem. 2018 May 22;19(10):1128-1142. doi: 10.1002/cphc.201701180. Epub 2018 Feb 5.
Probe techniques for monitoring in vivo chemistry (e.g., electrochemical sensors and microdialysis sampling probes) have significantly contributed to a better understanding of neurotransmission in correlation to behaviors and neurological disorders. Microfabrication allows construction of neural probes with high reproducibility, scalability, design flexibility, and multiplexed features. This technology has translated well into fabricating miniaturized neurochemical probes for electrochemical detection and sampling. Microfabricated electrochemical probes provide a better control of spatial resolution with multisite detection on a single compact platform. This development allows the observation of heterogeneity of neurochemical activity precisely within the brain region. Microfabricated sampling probes are starting to emerge that enable chemical measurements at high spatial resolution and potential for reducing tissue damage. Recent advancement in analytical methods also facilitates neurochemical monitoring at high temporal resolution. Furthermore, a positive feature of microfabricated probes is that they can be feasibly built with other sensing and stimulating platforms including optogenetics. Such integrated probes will empower researchers to precisely elucidate brain function and develop novel treatments for neurological disorders.
用于监测体内化学物质的探针技术（例如，电化学传感器和微透析采样探针）为更好地理解与行为和神经疾病相关的神经传递做出了重大贡献。微制造技术使得能够构建具有高再现性、可扩展性、设计灵活性和多重功能的神经探针。这项技术已很好地转化为制造用于电化学检测和采样的小型化神经化学探针。微制造的电化学探针在单个紧凑平台上通过多部位检测能够更好地控制空间分辨率。这一进展使得能够精确观察大脑区域内神经化学活动的异质性。微制造的采样探针开始出现，其能够实现高空间分辨率的化学测量，并有可能减少组织损伤。分析方法的最新进展也有助于实现高时间分辨率的神经化学监测。此外，微制造探针的一个积极特点是它们可以与包括光遗传学在内的其他传感和刺激平台切实地结合在一起。这种集成探针将使研究人员能够精确阐明大脑功能，并开发出针对神经疾病的新型治疗方法。
