Nencioni Ana Leonor Abrahão, Neto Emidio Beraldo, de Freitas Lucas Alves, Dorce Valquiria Abrão Coronado
1Laboratory of Pharmacology, Butantan Institute, Av. Dr. Vital Brasil, 1500, São Paulo, SP 05503-900 Brazil.
2Graduation Program in Sciences - Toxinology, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, SP Brazil.
J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis. 2018 Jan 23;24:3. doi: 10.1186/s40409-018-0139-x. eCollection 2018.
In Brazil, the scorpion species responsible for most severe incidents belong to the genus and, among this group, , , and are the most dangerous ones. Other species such as , , , , are also found in the country, but the incidence and severity of accidents caused by them are lower. The main effects caused by scorpion venoms - such as myocardial damage, cardiac arrhythmias, pulmonary edema and shock - are mainly due to the release of mediators from the autonomic nervous system. On the other hand, some evidence show the participation of the central nervous system and inflammatory response in the process. The participation of the central nervous system in envenoming has always been questioned. Some authors claim that the central effects would be a consequence of peripheral stimulation and would be the result, not the cause, of the envenoming process. Because, they say, at least in adult individuals, the venom would be unable to cross the blood-brain barrier. In contrast, there is some evidence showing the direct participation of the central nervous system in the envenoming process. This review summarizes the major findings on the effects of Brazilian scorpion venoms on the central nervous system, both clinically and experimentally. Most of the studies have been performed with and . Little information is available regarding the other Brazilian species.
在巴西，导致大多数严重事件的蝎子种类属于 属，在这一组中， 、 、 和 是最危险的。该国也发现了其他种类，如 、 、 、 、 ，但它们造成事故的发生率和严重程度较低。蝎毒引起的主要影响——如心肌损伤、心律失常、肺水肿和休克——主要是由于自主神经系统释放介质所致。另一方面，一些证据表明中枢神经系统和炎症反应参与了这一过程。中枢神经系统在中毒过程中的参与一直受到质疑。一些作者声称，中枢效应是外周刺激的结果，是中毒过程的结果而非原因。因为，他们说，至少在成年个体中，毒液无法穿过血脑屏障。相比之下，有一些证据表明中枢神经系统直接参与了中毒过程。这篇综述总结了巴西蝎毒对中枢神经系统影响的主要临床和实验研究结果。大多数研究是用 和 进行的。关于巴西其他 种类的信息很少。
