Mirskaya N B, Sinyakina A D, Kolomenskaya A N
Gig Sanit. 2016;95(5):466-70.
Purpose. Study of the lifestyle and identification of behavioral risk factors negatively affecting on the state of the visual organ in primary school children. Patients and methods. There was performed a questionnaire survey of parents of 384 younger schoolchildren in Moscow. Questionnaire specially designed by authors included questions relating to lifestyle and behavioral risk factors that affect vision. Results. More than 46% of the younger schoolchildren in the mode of the day have no daily walks in the fresh air, including during daylight hours in 51.6%; time daily needed for this age on air is spent by only 32.8% of schoolchildren. Among younger schoolchildren every day 57.2%, 44.8% and 39.5% spend longer time than needed for homework, TV and computer correspondingly; all the time only 9.4% keepproperfit at their desk, 15.6% at the computer, 20.8% - when watch television; 40.6% do not constantly comply with the requirements for proper illumination while watching TV; 45.8% sometimes read in lyingposition , 9.9% - in transport. Conclusion. Identified in junior schoolchildren of the city of Moscow a high prevalence of behavioral risk factors that negatively affect their visual organ and health in general, requires the elimination of these factors by means of hygienic education and shaping a healthy lifestyle in schoolchildren since 1st grade.
目的。研究小学生的生活方式并确定对视觉器官状态产生负面影响的行为风险因素。患者与方法。对莫斯科384名小学生的家长进行了问卷调查。作者专门设计的问卷包括与影响视力的生活方式和行为风险因素相关的问题。结果。超过46%的小学生在日常模式下没有每天到户外散步，其中包括在白天的51.6%；这个年龄段每天所需的户外时间只有32.8%的小学生能够达到。在小学生中，每天分别有57.2%、44.8%和39.5%的人花在家庭作业、看电视和使用电脑上的时间超过所需时间；始终保持正确坐姿的比例分别为在书桌前9.4%、在电脑前15.6%、看电视时20.8%；40.6%的人在看电视时不经常遵守适当照明的要求；45.8%的人有时躺着看书，9.9%的人在乘车时看书。结论。在莫斯科市的小学生中发现，对其视觉器官及整体健康产生负面影响的行为风险因素普遍存在，需要通过健康教育消除这些因素，并从一年级起就为小学生塑造健康的生活方式。
