Bui Triet M, Mascarenhas Lorraine A, Sumagin Ronen
a Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine , Department of Pathology , Chicago , IL , USA.
Tissue Barriers. 2018;6(2):e1431038. doi: 10.1080/21688370.2018.1431038. Epub 2018 Feb 9.
Tightly controlled communication among the various resident and recruited cells in the intestinal tissue is critical for maintaining tissue homeostasis, re-establishment of the barrier function and healing responses following injury. Emerging evidence convincingly implicates extracellular vesicles (EVs) in facilitating this important cell-to-cell crosstalk by transporting bioactive effectors and genetic information in healthy tissue and disease. While many aspects of EV biology, including release mechanisms, cargo packaging, and uptake by target cells are still not completely understood, EVs contribution to cellular signaling and function is apparent. Moreover, EV research has already sparked a clinical interest, as a potential diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic tool. The current review will discuss the function of EVs originating from innate immune cells, namely, neutrophils, monocytes and macrophages, as well as intestinal epithelial cells in healthy tissue and inflammatory disorders of the intestinal tract. Our discussion will specifically emphasize the contribution of EVs to the regulation of vascular and epithelial barrier function in inflamed intestines, wound healing, as well as trafficking and activity of resident and recruited immune cells.
肠道组织中各种驻留细胞和募集细胞之间的紧密控制通信对于维持组织稳态、重新建立屏障功能以及损伤后的愈合反应至关重要。新出现的证据令人信服地表明，细胞外囊泡（EVs）通过在健康组织和疾病中运输生物活性效应物和遗传信息，促进了这种重要的细胞间串扰。虽然EV生物学的许多方面，包括释放机制、货物包装和靶细胞摄取，仍未完全了解，但EVs对细胞信号传导和功能的贡献是显而易见的。此外，EV研究作为一种潜在的诊断、预后和治疗工具，已经引发了临床兴趣。本综述将讨论源自先天免疫细胞（即中性粒细胞、单核细胞和巨噬细胞）以及肠道上皮细胞的EVs在健康组织和肠道炎症性疾病中的功能。我们的讨论将特别强调EVs对炎症肠道中血管和上皮屏障功能调节、伤口愈合以及驻留和募集免疫细胞的运输和活性的贡献。
