Stanhope Jessica, Weinstein Philip, Cook Angus
School of Population Health, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Australia, WA 6009.
School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, North Tce, Adelaide, Australia, SA 5001 and School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, North Tce, Adelaide, Australia, SA 5001 E-mail:
J Water Health. 2018 Feb;16(1):1-13. doi: 10.2166/wh.2017.209.
Therapeutic use of spring waters has a recorded history dating back to at least 1550 BC and includes both bathing in and drinking such waters for their healing properties. In Australia and New Zealand the use of therapeutic spring waters is a much more recent phenomenon, becoming a source of health tourism from the late 1800s. We conducted a systematic review aimed at determining the potential health outcomes relating to exposure to Australian or New Zealand natural spring water. We found only low-level evidence of adverse health outcomes relating to this spring water exposure, including fatalities from hydrogen sulphide poisoning, drowning and primary amoebic meningoencephalitis. We found no studies that investigated the therapeutic use of these waters, compared with similar treatment with other types of water. From the broader literature, recommendations have been made, including fencing potentially harmful spring water, and having signage and media messages to highlight the potential harms from spring water exposure and how to mitigate the risks (e.g. not putting your head under water from geothermal springs). Sound research into the potential health benefits of Australian and New Zealand spring waters could provide an evidence base for the growing wellness tourism industry.
温泉水的治疗用途有着可追溯至至少公元前1550年的历史记录，包括沐浴和饮用此类具有治疗功效的水。在澳大利亚和新西兰，治疗性温泉水的使用是一个更为近期的现象，从19世纪后期开始成为健康旅游的一个来源。我们进行了一项系统综述，旨在确定与接触澳大利亚或新西兰天然温泉水相关的潜在健康结果。我们仅发现了与接触这种温泉水相关的不良健康结果的低水平证据，包括硫化氢中毒、溺水和原发性阿米巴脑膜脑炎导致的死亡。我们未发现有研究将这些水的治疗用途与其他类型水的类似治疗进行比较。从更广泛的文献中已提出了一些建议，包括围起可能有害的温泉水区域，设置标识和发布媒体信息以突出接触温泉水的潜在危害以及如何降低风险（例如不要将头浸入地热温泉水中）。对澳大利亚和新西兰温泉水潜在健康益处进行合理研究可为不断发展的健康旅游业提供证据基础。
