Kartavaya S A, Simonova E G, Loktionova M N, Kolganova O A, Ladny V I, Raichich S R
Gig Sanit. 2016;95(7):601-6.
In the Russian Federation anthrax epizootics are still being registered among animals as well as epidemic foci of the population. This situation is linked to natural reservoirs of the pathogen - numerous anthrax burial sites which belong to class I of dangerous objects. In this connection, a one-kilometer sanitary protective zone is required according to current Russian Federation legislation. As a result, a significant land of the country is unsuitable for any agricultural use. Meanwhile, epizootologo-epidemiological observations indicate to that different anthrax burial sites differ in their characteristics and represent varying degrees of the risk. In connection with the development of the agricultural sector, intensive construction and the development of new and abandoned areas there is a need of creating unified approaches to assess the risk of anthrax burial sites, as well as to determine the size of sanitary protection zones based on the risk assessment. This article represents an original methodology to assess the actual danger of anthrax burial sites. It is based on a comprehensive multi-factor quantity-related risk assessment, described by a model that accounting the importance of each study for natural, social and biological factors. Undertaking this methodology allowed to reveal a degree of danger of anthrax burial sites located in different territories of the Russian Federation, and helped to substantiate the dimensions of their sanitary protection zones.
在俄罗斯联邦，动物炭疽疫情以及人群中的疫源地仍有记录。这种情况与病原体的天然储存库有关——众多属于一类危险物体的炭疽埋葬点。就此而言，根据俄罗斯联邦现行立法，需要设立一公里的卫生防护区。结果，该国大片土地不适用于任何农业用途。同时，动物流行病学观察表明，不同的炭疽埋葬点特征各异，风险程度也不同。随着农业部门的发展、密集建设以及新区域和废弃区域的开发，需要创建统一的方法来评估炭疽埋葬点的风险，并根据风险评估确定卫生防护区的规模。本文提出了一种评估炭疽埋葬点实际危险的原创方法。它基于全面的多因素定量风险评估，由一个考虑到每项研究对自然、社会和生物因素重要性的模型描述。采用这种方法能够揭示位于俄罗斯联邦不同地区的炭疽埋葬点的危险程度，并有助于确定其卫生防护区的范围。
