Department of Psychology, New York University, USA.
Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, UK.
Curr Opin Psychol. 2018 Oct;23:77-83. doi: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2018.01.003. Epub 2018 Jan 12.
Ideological belief systems arise from epistemic, existential, and relational motives to reduce uncertainty, threat, and social discord. According to system justification theory, however, some ideologies-such as those that are conservative, religious, and legitimizing of the status quo-are especially appealing to people whose epistemic, existential, and relational motives are chronically or temporarily heightened. In this article, we focus on relational motivation, describing evidence that conservatives are more likely than liberals to: prioritize values of conformity and tradition; possess a strong desire to share reality with like-minded others; perceive within-group consensus when making political and non-political judgments; be influenced by implicit relational cues and sources who are perceived as similar to them; and maintain homogenous social networks and favor an 'echo chamber' environment that is conducive to the spread of misinformation.
意识形态信仰体系源于认知、存在和关系动机，旨在减少不确定性、威胁和社会不和谐。然而，根据系统合理化理论，一些意识形态——如保守派、宗教派和维护现状派——尤其吸引那些认知、存在和关系动机长期或暂时增强的人。在本文中，我们专注于关系动机，描述了保守派比自由派更有可能的证据：优先考虑一致性和传统价值观；强烈渴望与志同道合的人分享现实；在做出政治和非政治判断时感知群体内共识；受到被视为与自己相似的隐性关系线索和来源的影响；并保持同质的社交网络，支持有利于错误信息传播的“回音室”环境。
