Haspeslagh M, Vlaminck L, Martens A
Department of Surgery and Anaesthesiology of Domestic Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.
Department of Surgery and Anaesthesiology of Domestic Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.
Vet J. 2018 Jan;231:8-12. doi: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2017.11.009. Epub 2017 Nov 22.
The association between bovine papillomavirus (BPV) and equine sarcoids is well established, but it is unclear how the virus spreads. Although evidence in support of viral spread through direct animal contact exists, this does not explain sarcoid development in isolated equids. BPV DNA has been detected in flies, which could indicate that these insects serve as a vector. This study aimed to investigate whether BPV-negative stable flies (Stomoxys calcitrans) become positive for BPV DNA after exposure to equine sarcoid or bovine papilloma tissue under experimental conditions and, if so, for how long. A total of 420 stable flies were caught alive and exposed to BPV positive equine sarcoid or bovine papilloma tissue. During the following week, dead flies were collected daily and BPV loads were determined by quantitative PCR. There was a significant rise in BPV load after tissue exposure both in sarcoid and papilloma exposed flies, but the viral load was higher and remained high for a longer time after exposure to papilloma tissue compared to sarcoid tissue. Within days, viral loads decreased again and became indifferent from loads before exposure. The results of these experiments indicate that BPV transmission by S. calcitrans seems possible and is more likely to occur after contact with bovine papillomas than with equine sarcoids. Transmission seems only possible shortly after tissue exposure. Further research could include experimental induction of sarcoids with BPV positive stable flies, or a repeat of the experiment with micro-dissection prior to PCR.
牛乳头瘤病毒（BPV）与马肉瘤之间的关联已得到充分证实，但病毒的传播方式尚不清楚。尽管有证据支持病毒通过动物直接接触传播，但这无法解释隔离马匹中肉瘤的发生。在苍蝇体内检测到了BPV DNA，这可能表明这些昆虫是病毒载体。本研究旨在调查在实验条件下，BPV阴性的厩螫蝇（Stomoxys calcitrans）在接触马肉瘤或牛乳头瘤组织后是否会使BPV DNA呈阳性，如果是，阳性状态会持续多久。总共活捉了420只厩螫蝇，并使其接触BPV阳性的马肉瘤或牛乳头瘤组织。在接下来的一周内，每天收集死亡的苍蝇，并通过定量PCR测定BPV载量。在接触肉瘤和乳头瘤组织的苍蝇中，组织暴露后BPV载量均显著上升，但与肉瘤组织相比，接触乳头瘤组织后的病毒载量更高，且在更长时间内保持高位。几天内，病毒载量再次下降，并与暴露前的载量无差异。这些实验结果表明，厩螫蝇传播BPV似乎是可能的，并且与接触马肉瘤相比，接触牛乳头瘤后更有可能发生传播。传播似乎仅在组织暴露后不久才可能发生。进一步的研究可以包括用BPV阳性的厩螫蝇进行肉瘤的实验诱导，或者在PCR之前进行显微解剖并重复该实验。
