Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Southport, QLD 4215, Australia.
Viruses. 2018 Feb 14;10(2):84. doi: 10.3390/v10020084.
Alphaviruses are arthropod-borne viruses and are predominantly transmitted via mosquito vectors. This vector preference by alphaviruses raises the important question of the determinants that contribute to vector competence. There are several tissue barriers of the mosquito that the virus must overcome in order to establish a productive infection. Of importance are the midgut, basal lamina and the salivary glands. Infection of the salivary glands is crucial for virus transmission during the mosquito's subsequent bloodfeed. Other factors that may contribute to vector competence include the microflora and parasites present in the mosquito, environmental conditions, the molecular determinants of the virus to adapt to the vector, as well as the effect of co-infection with other viruses. Though mosquito innate immunity is a contributing factor to vector competence, it will not be discussed in this review. Detailed understanding of these factors will be instrumental in minimising transmission of alphaviral diseases.
甲病毒属是节肢动物传播的病毒，主要通过蚊子媒介传播。甲病毒对蚊子的这种媒介偏好提出了一个重要的问题，即是什么决定因素有助于媒介获得性。蚊子有几个组织屏障，病毒必须克服这些屏障才能建立有效的感染。重要的是中肠、基膜和唾液腺。病毒感染唾液腺对于蚊子在随后的吸血过程中传播病毒至关重要。可能有助于媒介获得性的其他因素包括蚊子体内的微生物菌群和寄生虫、环境条件、病毒适应媒介的分子决定因素，以及与其他病毒共同感染的影响。尽管蚊子先天免疫是媒介获得性的一个促成因素，但在本综述中不会讨论。详细了解这些因素将有助于最大限度地减少甲病毒病的传播。
