Center for Sustainable Systems, School for Environment and Sustainability , University of Michigan , 440 Church Street , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48109 , United States.
Research and Innovation Center, Ford Motor Company , Dearborn , Michigan 48121 , United States.
Environ Sci Technol. 2018 Mar 6;52(5):3249-3256. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.7b04576. Epub 2018 Feb 15.
Although recent studies of connected and automated vehicles (CAVs) have begun to explore the potential energy and greenhouse gas (GHG) emission impacts from an operational perspective, little is known about how the full life cycle of the vehicle will be impacted. We report the results of a life cycle assessment (LCA) of Level 4 CAV sensing and computing subsystems integrated into internal combustion engine vehicle (ICEV) and battery electric vehicle (BEV) platforms. The results indicate that CAV subsystems could increase vehicle primary energy use and GHG emissions by 3-20% due to increases in power consumption, weight, drag, and data transmission. However, when potential operational effects of CAVs are included (e.g., eco-driving, platooning, and intersection connectivity), the net result is up to a 9% reduction in energy and GHG emissions in the base case. Overall, this study highlights opportunities where CAVs can improve net energy and environmental performance.
虽然最近关于联网和自动驾驶汽车（CAV）的研究已经开始从运营角度探索其潜在的能源和温室气体（GHG）排放影响，但对于车辆的整个生命周期将受到怎样的影响却知之甚少。我们报告了对集成到内燃机汽车（ICEV）和电动汽车（BEV）平台中的 4 级 CAV 感测和计算子系统进行生命周期评估（LCA）的结果。结果表明，由于功率消耗、重量、阻力和数据传输的增加，CAV 子系统可能会使车辆的一次能源使用和 GHG 排放增加 3-20%。然而，当包括 CAV 的潜在运营影响时（例如，生态驾驶、车队和交叉口连接），在基准案例中，能源和 GHG 排放的净结果最多可减少 9%。总体而言，本研究强调了 CAV 可以提高净能源和环境性能的机会。
