CEA - Université Paris Sud 11 - INSERM U1184, Immunology of Viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases, IDMIT department, IBFJ, 92265, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.
Vaccine Research Institute, Henri Mondor Hospital, 94010, Créteil, France.
Sci Rep. 2018 Feb 15;8(1):3087. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-21222-2.
Understanding the innate immune response to vaccination is critical in vaccine design. Here, we studied blood innate myeloid cells after first and second immunization of cynomolgus macaques with the modified vaccinia virus Ankara. The inflammation at the injection site was moderate and resolved faster after the boost. The blood concentration of inflammation markers increased after both injections but was lower after the boost. The numbers of neutrophils, monocytes, and dendritic cells were transiently affected by vaccination, but without any major difference between prime and boost. However, phenotyping deeper those cells with mass cytometry unveiled their high phenotypic diversity with subsets responding differently after each injection, some enriched only after the primary injection and others only after the boost. Actually, the composition in subphenotype already differed just before the boost as compared to just before the prime. Multivariate analysis identified the key features that contributed to these differences. Cell subpopulations best characterizing the post-boost response were more activated, with a stronger expression of markers involved in phagocytosis, antigen presentation, costimulation, chemotaxis, and inflammation. This study revisits innate immunity by demonstrating that, like adaptive immunity, innate myeloid responses differ after one or two immunizations.
了解疫苗接种引起的固有免疫反应对于疫苗设计至关重要。在这里，我们研究了食蟹猴在第一次和第二次接种改良安卡拉痘苗病毒后的血液固有髓样细胞。注射部位的炎症反应适中，在加强针后更快消退。两次接种后炎症标志物的血液浓度均升高，但加强针后降低。接种疫苗后，中性粒细胞、单核细胞和树突状细胞的数量短暂受到影响，但在初次接种和加强针之间没有明显差异。然而，通过质谱流式细胞术对这些细胞进行更深入的表型分析揭示了它们具有高度的表型多样性，亚群对每次注射的反应不同，一些在初次接种后富集，另一些在加强针后富集。实际上，与初次接种前相比，亚群的组成在加强针前就已经不同。多变量分析确定了导致这些差异的关键特征。最能描述加强针后反应的细胞亚群更活跃，表达参与吞噬作用、抗原呈递、共刺激、趋化和炎症的标记物的能力更强。这项研究通过证明与适应性免疫一样，固有髓样细胞反应在一次或两次免疫后不同，重新审视了固有免疫。
