Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Piazza Martiri della Libertà 33, 56127, Pisa, Italy.
Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, via del Borghetto 80, 56125, Pisa, Italy.
Sci Rep. 2018 Feb 15;8(1):3113. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-21284-2.
Despite the extensive cultivation of genetically engineered (GE) maize and considerable number of scientific reports on its agro-environmental impact, the risks and benefits of GE maize are still being debated and concerns about safety remain. This meta-analysis aimed at increasing knowledge on agronomic, environmental and toxicological traits of GE maize by analyzing the peer-reviewed literature (from 1996 to 2016) on yield, grain quality, non-target organisms (NTOs), target organisms (TOs) and soil biomass decomposition. Results provided strong evidence that GE maize performed better than its near isogenic line: grain yield was 5.6 to 24.5% higher with lower concentrations of mycotoxins (-28.8%), fumonisin (-30.6%) and thricotecens (-36.5%). The NTOs analyzed were not affected by GE maize, except for Braconidae, represented by a parasitoid of European corn borer, the target of Lepidoptera active Bt maize. Biogeochemical cycle parameters such as lignin content in stalks and leaves did not vary, whereas biomass decomposition was higher in GE maize. The results support the cultivation of GE maize, mainly due to enhanced grain quality and reduction of human exposure to mycotoxins. Furthermore, the reduction of the parasitoid of the target and the lack of consistent effects on other NTOs are confirmed.
尽管已经广泛种植了基因工程（GE）玉米，并且有大量关于其农业环境影响的科学报告，但关于 GE 玉米的风险和益处仍在争论之中，人们对其安全性的担忧仍然存在。本研究旨在通过分析同行评议文献（1996 年至 2016 年）中关于产量、谷物质量、非靶标生物（NTOs）、靶标生物（TOs）和土壤生物量分解的内容，增加对基因工程玉米农艺、环境和毒理学特性的了解。研究结果提供了强有力的证据，表明基因工程玉米的表现优于其近等基因系：产量高出 5.6%至 24.5%，真菌毒素浓度降低了 28.8%，伏马菌素降低了 30.6%，三嗪降低了 36.5%。除了鳞翅目活性 Bt 玉米的靶标欧洲玉米螟的寄生蜂 Braconidae 之外，分析的非靶标生物没有受到基因工程玉米的影响。生物地球化学循环参数如秸秆和叶片中的木质素含量没有变化，而基因工程玉米的生物量分解更高。研究结果支持种植基因工程玉米，主要是因为其提高了谷物质量，并减少了人类接触真菌毒素的机会。此外，还证实了靶标生物的寄生蜂减少，以及对其他非靶标生物没有一致的影响。
