School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia.
School of Medicine, Taylor's University, Selangor, Malaysia.
Nutr Rev. 2018 Apr 1;76(4):219-242. doi: 10.1093/nutrit/nux071.
Chia seed is a popular dietary supplement, taken mainly for its high content of alpha-linolenic acid, vegetable protein, and dietary fiber, yet information about its clinical effects is lacking.
This review aims to summarize the clinical evidence regarding the use of chia seed for a wide variety of health conditions.
A number of databases, including PubMed and Embase, were searched systematically.
Randomized controlled trials that assessed the clinical effects of chia seed consumption in human participants were included. The quality of trials was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool.
Data on study design, blinding status, characteristics of participants, chia seed intervention, comparator, clinical assessment, duration of intake, interval of assessment, and study funding status were extracted. Meta-analysis was performed.
Twelve trials were included. Participants included healthy persons, athletes, diabetic patients, and individuals with metabolic syndrome. Pooling of results showed no significant differences except for the following findings of subgroup analysis at higher doses of chia seed: (1) lower postprandial blood glucose level (mean difference [MD] of -33.95 incremental area under the curve [iAUC] [mmol/L × 2 h] [95%CI, -61.85, -6.05] and -51.60 iAUC [mmol/L × 2 h] [95%CI, -79.64, -23.56] at medium doses and high doses, respectively); (2) lower high-density lipoprotein in serum (MD of -0.10 mmol/L [95%CI, -0.20, -0.01]); and (3) lower diastolic blood pressure (MD of -7.14 mmHg [95%CI, -11.08, -3.19]). The quality of all evidence assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach was low or very low. All trials employed only surrogate markers as outcomes.
Future trials with improved methodological quality, well-described clinical events, and validated surrogate markers as outcomes are needed to support the potential health benefits of chia seed consumption.
PROSPERO registration no. CRD42015029990.
奇亚籽是一种流行的膳食补充剂，主要因其富含α-亚麻酸、植物蛋白和膳食纤维而受到关注，但关于其临床效果的信息还很缺乏。
本综述旨在总结奇亚籽在各种健康状况下的临床应用证据。
系统地检索了多个数据库，包括 PubMed 和 Embase。
纳入了评估奇亚籽摄入对人体参与者临床效果的随机对照试验。使用 Cochrane 偏倚风险工具评估试验质量。
提取了研究设计、盲法状态、参与者特征、奇亚籽干预、对照、临床评估、摄入持续时间、评估间隔和研究资金状况等数据。进行了荟萃分析。
纳入了 12 项试验。参与者包括健康人、运动员、糖尿病患者和代谢综合征患者。亚组分析显示，除了奇亚籽高剂量组有以下发现外，汇总结果没有显著差异：（1）餐后血糖水平降低（中剂量和高剂量下，增量曲线下面积差值分别为 -33.95 [mmol/L×2 h] [95%置信区间（CI），-61.85，-6.05]和 -51.60 [mmol/L×2 h] [95%CI，-79.64，-23.56]）；（2）血清高密度脂蛋白降低（-0.10 [mmol/L] [95%CI，-0.20，-0.01]）；和（3）舒张压降低（-7.14 [mmHg] [95%CI，-11.08，-3.19]）。使用 Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation（GRADE）方法评估的所有证据质量均为低或极低。所有试验仅使用替代标志物作为结局。
需要未来具有更高方法学质量、详细描述的临床事件以及验证性替代标志物作为结局的试验来支持奇亚籽摄入的潜在健康益处。
PROSPERO 注册号 CRD42015029990。
