2016 年荷兰成年寻求庇护者中麻疹、腮腺炎、风疹、水痘、白喉、破伤风、脊髓灰质炎、甲型肝炎和乙型肝炎的免疫情况。
Immunity against measles, mumps, rubella, varicella, diphtheria, tetanus, polio, hepatitis A and hepatitis B among adult asylum seekers in the Netherlands, 2016.
机构信息
Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Antonie van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9, 3721 MA Bilthoven, The Netherlands; European Programme for Intervention Epidemiology Training (EPIET), European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), Tomtebodavägen 11A, 171 65 Solna, Sweden.
Department of Primary and Community Care, Radboud University Medical Centre, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
出版信息
Vaccine. 2018 Mar 14;36(12):1664-1672. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.01.079. Epub 2018 Feb 14.
Asylum seekers are a vulnerable population for contracting infectious diseases. Outbreaks occur among children and adults. In the Netherlands, asylum seeker children are offered vaccination according to the National Immunization Program. Little is known about protection against vaccine-preventable diseases (VPD) in adult asylum seekers. In this 2016 study, we assessed the immunity of adult asylum seekers against nine VPD to identify groups that might benefit from additional vaccinations. We invited asylum seekers from Syria, Iran, Iraq, Afghanistan, Eritrea and Ethiopia to participate in a serosurvey. Participants provided informed consent and a blood sample, and completed a questionnaire. We measured prevalence of protective antibodies to measles, mumps, rubella, varicella, diphtheria, tetanus, polio type 1-3 and hepatitis A and B, stratified them by country of origin and age groups. The median age of the 622 participants was 28 years (interquartile range: 23-35), 81% were male and 48% originated from Syria. Overall, seroprotection was 88% for measles (range between countries: 83-93%), 91% for mumps (81-95%), 94% for rubella (84-98%), 96% for varicella (92-98%), 82% for diphtheria (65-88%), 98% for tetanus (86-100%), 91% (88-94%) for polio type 1, 95% (90-98%) for polio type 2, 82% (76-86%) for polio type 3, 84% (54-100%) for hepatitis A and 27% for hepatitis B (anti-HBs; 8-42%). Our results indicate insufficient protection against certain VPD in some subgroups. For all countries except Eritrea, measles seroprotection was below the 95% threshold required for elimination. Measles seroprevalence was lowest among adults younger than 25 years. In comparison, seroprevalence in the Dutch general population was 96% in 2006/07. The results of this study can help prioritizing vaccination of susceptible subgroups of adult asylum seekers, in general and in outbreak situations.
寻求庇护者是感染传染病的弱势群体。疫情在儿童和成人中爆发。在荷兰，根据国家免疫计划为寻求庇护的儿童提供疫苗接种。对于成年寻求庇护者预防疫苗可预防的疾病（VPD）的保护知之甚少。在这项 2016 年的研究中，我们评估了成年寻求庇护者对九种 VPD 的免疫力，以确定可能受益于额外疫苗接种的人群。我们邀请来自叙利亚、伊朗、伊拉克、阿富汗、厄立特里亚和埃塞俄比亚的寻求庇护者参加血清调查。参与者提供了知情同意和血样，并完成了一份问卷。我们测量了麻疹、腮腺炎、风疹、水痘、白喉、破伤风、脊髓灰质炎 1-3 型和甲型肝炎和乙型肝炎的保护性抗体的流行率，按原籍国和年龄组对其进行分层。622 名参与者的中位年龄为 28 岁（四分位距：23-35），81%为男性，48%来自叙利亚。总体而言，麻疹的血清保护率为 88%（国家间范围：83-93%），腮腺炎为 91%（81-95%），风疹为 94%（84-98%），水痘为 96%（92-98%），白喉为 82%（65-88%），破伤风为 98%（86-100%），脊髓灰质炎 1 型为 91%（88-94%），脊髓灰质炎 2 型为 95%（90-98%），脊髓灰质炎 3 型为 82%（76-86%），甲型肝炎为 84%（54-100%），乙型肝炎为 27%（抗-HBs；8-42%）。我们的结果表明，某些亚组对某些 VPD 的保护不足。除厄立特里亚外，所有国家的麻疹血清保护率均低于消除所需的 95%阈值。25 岁以下成年人的麻疹血清阳性率最低。相比之下，2006/07 年荷兰一般人群的血清阳性率为 96%。这项研究的结果可以帮助确定成年寻求庇护者中易感亚组的疫苗接种优先级，无论是在一般情况下还是在疫情爆发情况下。
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