University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon.
Columbia University, New York, New York.
Dev Psychobiol. 2019 Jul;61(5):783-795. doi: 10.1002/dev.21821. Epub 2019 Jan 28.
Gut microbial research has recently opened new frontiers in neuroscience and potentiated novel therapies for mental health problems (Mayer, et al., 2014). Much of our understanding of the gut microbiome's role in brain function and behavior, however, has been largely derived from research on nonhuman animals. Even less is known about how the development of the gut microbiome influences critical periods of neural and behavioral development, particularly adolescence. In this review, we first discuss why the gut microbiome has become increasingly relevant to developmental cognitive neuroscience and provide a synopsis of the known connections of the gut microbiome with social-affective brain function and behavior, specifically highlighting human developmental work when possible. We then focus on adolescence, a key period of neurobiological and social-affective development. Specifically, we review the links between the gut microbiome and six overarching domains of change during adolescence: (a) social processes, (b) motivation and behavior, (c) neural development, (d) cognition, (e) neuroendocrine function, and (f) physical health and wellness. Using a developmental science perspective, we summarize key changes across these six domains to underscore the promise for the gut microbiome to bidirectionally influence and transform adolescent development.
肠道微生物研究最近在神经科学领域开辟了新的前沿，并为心理健康问题（Mayer 等人，2014）提供了新的治疗方法。然而，我们对肠道微生物组在大脑功能和行为中的作用的大部分理解主要来自于对非人类动物的研究。关于肠道微生物组的发展如何影响神经和行为发育的关键时期，特别是青春期，我们知之甚少。在这篇综述中，我们首先讨论了为什么肠道微生物组与发展认知神经科学的相关性越来越大，并概述了肠道微生物组与社会情感大脑功能和行为的已知联系，特别是在可能的情况下突出了人类发展工作。然后，我们将重点放在青春期这一关键的神经生物学和社会情感发展时期。具体来说，我们回顾了肠道微生物组与青春期六个主要变化领域之间的联系：（a）社会过程，（b）动机和行为，（c）神经发育，（d）认知，（e）神经内分泌功能和（f）身体健康和健康。我们使用发展科学的观点总结了这六个领域的关键变化，以强调肠道微生物组有潜力双向影响和改变青少年的发展。
